Botanical species · safety record

Achillea millefolium

The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 16 constituent measurements and 2 genotoxicity assays for Achillea millefolium. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.

Accepted name in source: Achillea millefolium L.

16Constituent measurements

2Safety records

6Cited sources

187Licensed products (Canada)

Regulatory presence

Health Canada's Licensed Natural Health Products Database holds 187 licensed products naming Achillea millefolium as a medicinal ingredient, matched on the exact Latin binomial. A licence records that a product met the regulator's requirements for sale in Canada. It is not evidence that the product works.

Extract types on licence

Dry
Fresh
fluid

Source material stated

Achillea millefolium - Herb flowering and fruiting
Achillea millefolium - herb
Achillea millefolium- Herb flowering
Aerial parts
Aerial parts (powder)
Dried aerial parts
Flower
Flower tops

What the records describe

Constituents measured

Plant parts

Preparations

Recorded constituents

What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.

Substance	Plant part	Preparation	Concentration	Analytical method	Source
1,8-cineole	Aerial part of plants	Essential oil	≤ 20.3 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
1,8-cineole	Aerial part of plants	Essential oil	≥ 0.8 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
1,8-cineole	Aerial part of plants	Essential oil	7.7 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Alpha-thujone	Aerial part of plants	Essential oil	1.08 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Alpha-thujone	Aerial part of plants	Essential oil	≤ 26.6 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Artemisia ketone	Aerial part of plants	Essential oil	≤ 12.6 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Artemisia ketone	Aerial part of plants	Essential oil	1.48 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Beta-thujone	Aerial part of plants	Essential oil	≤ 11 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Camphor	Aerial part of plants	Essential oil	≥ 0.1 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Camphor	Aerial part of plants	Essential oil	≤ 24.5 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
L-piperitone	Aerial part of plants	Essential oil	12.79 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Myrcene	Flower	Essential oil	1.19 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
1,8-cineole	Leaves	Solvent extraction	3.25 Percent	GC*GC/MS	No resolvable identifier
Coumarins	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	—	Gaschromatography (GC)	No resolvable identifier
Germacranolide	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	No resolvable identifier
Guaianolides	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	No resolvable identifier

Genotoxicity testing

Outcomes of genotoxicity assays as recorded in the source. A negative assay is a result under those test conditions, not a clearance.

Outcome	Endpoint	Test	Tested organism	Metabolic activation	Source
Positive	genome mutation	other	Other	Not applicable	Resolve DOI
Positive	chromosome aberration	other	Other	Not applicable	Resolve DOI

Cited sources

The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.

Orav, Anne., Arak, Elmar., Raal, Ain. Phytochemical analysis of the essential oil of Achillea millefolium L. from various European Countries . Natural product research, 2006, vol. 20, no. 12, p. 1082-1088. DOI
de Sant'Anna, Juliane Rocha., da Silva Franco, Claudineia Conationi., Miyamoto, Claudia Tiemi., Cunico, Miriam Machado., Miguel, Obdulio Gomes., Cocco, Lilian Cristina., Yamamoto, Carlos Itsuo., Correa Junior, Cirino., Alves de Castro-Prado, Marialba Avezum. Genotoxicity of Achillea millefolium Essential Oil in Diploid Cells of Aspergillus nidulans . Phytotherapy research, 2009, vol. 23, no. 2, p. 231-235. DOI
Sousa, Saulo M., Viccini, Lyderson F. Cytotoxic and genotoxic activity of Achillea millefolium aqueous extracts . Revista brasileira de farmacognosia-brazilian journal of pharmacognosy, 2011, vol. 21, no. 1, p. 98-104. DOI
Ebadollahi, Asgar., Jalali-Sendi, Jalal., Razmjou, Jabraeil. Toxicity and phytochemical profile of essential oil from Iranian Achillea mellifolium L. against Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) . Toxin reviews, 2016, vol. 35, no. 1-2, p. 24-28. DOI
Glasl, S., Mucaji, P., Werner, I., Presser, A., Jurenitsch, J. Sesquiterpenes and flavonoid aglycones from a Hungarian taxon of the Achillea millefolium group . Zeitschrift fur naturforschung c-a journal of biosciences, 2002, vol. 57, no. 11-12, p. 976-982.
Ahmed, Kh. M., El-Din, S. S., Abdel Wahab, S., El-Khrisy, E. A. M. Study of the coumarin and volatile oil composition from aerial parts of Achillea millefolium L . Pakistan journal of scientific and industrial research, 2001, vol. 44, no. 4, p. 218-222.

Boundary

A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.

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