Botanical species · safety record
Agathosma betulina
The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 22 constituent measurements and 1 genotoxicity assay for Agathosma betulina. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.
Accepted name in source: Agathosma betulina (P.J.Bergius) Pillans
Also recorded as
Synonyms are carried from the source compendium. A species may be traded and studied under more than one name, which is exactly how a safety record gets lost.
Regulatory presence
Health Canada's Licensed Natural Health Products Database holds 97 licensed products naming Agathosma betulina as a medicinal ingredient, matched on the exact Latin binomial. A licence records that a product met the regulator's requirements for sale in Canada. It is not evidence that the product works.
Extract types on licence
Source material stated
What the records describe
Constituents measured
- D,l-isomenthone5
- Menthone5
- (+)-pulegone4
- 1,8-cineole2
- Cis-isopulegone2
- Myrcene2
- Trans-isopulegone2
Plant parts
- Unspecified13
- Leaves6
- Live plants3
Preparations
- Essential oil16
- Solvent extraction6
Recorded constituents
What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.
| Substance | Plant part | Preparation | Concentration | Analytical method | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (+)-pulegone | Unspecified | Essential oil | ≥ 0.63 Percent | GC-MS | Resolve DOI |
| (+)-pulegone | Unspecified | Essential oil | ≤ 4.46 Percent | GC-MS | Resolve DOI |
| 1,8-cineole | Unspecified | Essential oil | ≤ 4.43 Percent | GC-MS | Resolve DOI |
| 1,8-cineole | Live plants | Essential oil | 4.43 Percent | GC-MS | Resolve DOI |
| Cis-isopulegone | Unspecified | Essential oil | ≤ 1.85 Percent | GC-MS | Resolve DOI |
| Cis-isopulegone | Unspecified | Essential oil | ≥ 0.23 Percent | GC-MS | Resolve DOI |
| D,l-isomenthone | Live plants | Essential oil | 19.91 Percent | GC-MS | Resolve DOI |
| D,l-isomenthone | Unspecified | Essential oil | ≥ 4.57 Percent | GC-MS | Resolve DOI |
| D,l-isomenthone | Unspecified | Essential oil | ≤ 49.2 Percent | GC-MS | Resolve DOI |
| Menthone | Unspecified | Essential oil | ≥ 2.46 Percent | GC-MS | Resolve DOI |
| Menthone | Unspecified | Essential oil | ≤ 42.63 Percent | GC-MS | Resolve DOI |
| Menthone | Live plants | Essential oil | 9.82 Percent | GC-MS | Resolve DOI |
| Myrcene | Unspecified | Essential oil | ≤ 2.83 Percent | GC-MS | Resolve DOI |
| Myrcene | Unspecified | Essential oil | ≥ 0.21 Percent | GC-MS | Resolve DOI |
| Trans-isopulegone | Unspecified | Essential oil | ≤ 2.72 Percent | GC-MS | Resolve DOI |
| Trans-isopulegone | Unspecified | Essential oil | ≥ 0.17 Percent | GC-MS | Resolve DOI |
| (+)-pulegone | Leaves | Solvent extraction | ≤ 3.3 Percent | Gaschromatography (GC) | No resolvable identifier |
| (+)-pulegone | Leaves | Solvent extraction | ≥ 0.5 Percent | Gaschromatography (GC) | No resolvable identifier |
| D,l-isomenthone | Leaves | Solvent extraction | ≥ 9.1 Percent | Gaschromatography (GC) | No resolvable identifier |
| D,l-isomenthone | Leaves | Solvent extraction | ≤ 19.8 Percent | Gaschromatography (GC) | No resolvable identifier |
| Menthone | Leaves | Solvent extraction | ≤ 6.8 Percent | Gaschromatography (GC) | No resolvable identifier |
| Menthone | Leaves | Solvent extraction | ≥ 2.7 Percent | Gaschromatography (GC) | No resolvable identifier |
Genotoxicity testing
Outcomes of genotoxicity assays as recorded in the source. A negative assay is a result under those test conditions, not a clearance.
| Outcome | Endpoint | Test | Tested organism | Metabolic activation | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | DNA damage and/or repair | single cell gel/comet assay in mammalian cells for detection of DNA damage | Other | No data | Resolve DOI |
Cited sources
The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.
- Collins, N.F., Graven, E.H., Van Beek, T.A., Lelyveld, G.P. Chemotaxonomy of commercial buchu species (agathosma betulina and A. Crenulata). Journal of essential oil research, 1996, vol. 8, no. 3, p. 229-235. DOI
- Steenkamp, V., Grimmer, H., Semano, M., Gulumian, M. Antioxidant and genotoxic properties of South African herbal extracts. Mutation research-genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis, 2005, vol. 581, no. 1-2, p. 35-42. DOI
- Ntwana, B., Agenbag, G. A., Langenhoven, P. Growth, inorganic content and essential oil quality of Buchu (Agathosma betulina) found in its natural habitat in the Cederberg Mountains . South african journal of plant and soil, 2011, vol. 28, no. 4, p. 213-217.
- Posthumus, M.A., van Beek, T.A., Collins, N.F., Graven, E.H. Chemical composition of the essential oils of agathosma betulina, A. Crenulata and an A. Betulina x crenulata Hybrid (buchu). Journal of essential oil research, 1996, vol. 8, no. 3, p. 223-228. DOI
Boundary
A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.
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