Botanical species · safety record

Anethum graveolens

The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 35 constituent measurements, 1 adverse-effect record and 2 genotoxicity assays for Anethum graveolens. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.

Accepted name in source: Anethum graveolens L.

35Constituent measurements

3Safety records

13Cited sources

24Licensed products (Canada)

Regulatory presence

Health Canada's Licensed Natural Health Products Database holds 24 licensed products naming Anethum graveolens as a medicinal ingredient, matched on the exact Latin binomial. A licence records that a product met the regulator's requirements for sale in Canada. It is not evidence that the product works.

Extract types on licence

Source material stated

Dill Seeds
Fruit
Grain(s)
Herb
Herb top
Leaf
New material
Seed

What the records describe

Constituents measured

Plant parts

Preparations

Effect types

Target tissues

Recorded constituents

What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.

Substance	Plant part	Preparation	Concentration	Analytical method	Source
(+)-pulegone	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	6.67 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Carvone	Seed	Essential oil	58.11 Percent	Unspecified	Resolve DOI
Carvone	Fruit unspecified	Essential oil	66.6 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Carvone	Seed	Solvent extraction	≥ 45.84 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Carvone	Seed	Solvent extraction	≤ 48.15 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Carvone	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	16.2 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Carvone	Fruit unspecified	Essential oil	22 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Carvone	Seed	Solvent extraction	≥ 0.032 Percent	Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)	Resolve DOI
Carvone	Seed	Solvent extraction	≤ 0.072 Percent	Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)	Resolve DOI
Carvone	Aerial part of plants	Essential oil	6.66 Percent	Unspecified	Resolve DOI
Coumarins	Leaves	Solvent extraction	≥ 1.3 Microgram/millilitre	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Coumarins	Leaves	Solvent extraction	≤ 9.5 Microgram/millilitre	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Dihydrocarvone	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	1.03 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Dihydrocarvone	Fruit unspecified	Essential oil	≥ 1.3 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Dihydrocarvone	Fruit unspecified	Essential oil	≤ 2.1 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Dillapiole	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	6.66 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Dillapiole	Fruit unspecified	Essential oil	26.8 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
L-piperitone	Fruit unspecified	Essential oil	8.2 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Myristicin	Seed	Solvent extraction	≤ 0.042 Percent	Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)	Resolve DOI
Myristicin	Seed	Solvent extraction	≥ 0.015 Percent	Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)	Resolve DOI
Myristicin	Fruit unspecified	Essential oil	3.2 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Umbelliferone	Seed	Solvent extraction	≤ 0.007 Percent	Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)	Resolve DOI
Umbelliferone	Seed	Solvent extraction	≥ 0.002 Percent	Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)	Resolve DOI
Bergapten	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	—	Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography)	No resolvable identifier
Carvone	Seed	Essential oil	≥ 36.53 Percent	GC-MS	No resolvable identifier
Carvone	Seed	Essential oil	≤ 81.15 Percent	GC-MS	No resolvable identifier
Carvone	Seed	Solvent extraction	7.07 Nanogram/gram	Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)	No resolvable identifier
Dillapiole	Seed	Solvent extraction	5.87 Nanogram/gram	Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)	No resolvable identifier
Dillapiole	Seed	Essential oil	≥ 0.02 Percent	GC-MS	No resolvable identifier
Dillapiole	Seed	Essential oil	≤ 6.3 Percent	GC-MS	No resolvable identifier
Esculetin	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	—	Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography)	No resolvable identifier
Scopoletin	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	—	Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography)	No resolvable identifier
Scopoletin	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	—	Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography)	No resolvable identifier
Umbelliferone	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	—	Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography)	No resolvable identifier
Umbelliprenin	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	—	Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography)	No resolvable identifier

Recorded adverse effects

Adverse effects reported in the source literature, most often in animal or laboratory models at a stated preparation and dose.

Effect	Target tissue	Plant part	Preparation	Test organism	Test type	Source
Reproductive	Urogenital	Seed	Solvent extraction	Rat (as animal)	Reproduction toxicity	Resolve DOI

Genotoxicity testing

Outcomes of genotoxicity assays as recorded in the source. A negative assay is a result under those test conditions, not a clearance.

Outcome	Endpoint	Test	Tested organism	Metabolic activation	Source
Positive	gene mutation	bacterial reverse mutation assay	Bacteria (as organism)	With and without	Resolve DOI
Positive	—	somatic mutation assay in Drosophila	Drosophila melanogaster (as animal)	—	Resolve DOI

Cited sources

The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.

Lazutka, JR., Mierauskiene, J., Slapsyte, G., Dedonyte, V. Genotoxicity of dill (Anethum graveolens L.), peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) and pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) essential oils in human lymphocytes and Drosophila melanogaster . Food and chemical toxicology, 2001, vol. 39, no. 5, p. 485-492. DOI
Sousa, Rose Marie O. F., Rosa, Jose S., Oliveira, Luisa., Cunha, Ana., Fernandes-Ferreira, Manuel. Activities of Apiaceae essential oils and volatile compounds on hatchability, development, reproduction and nutrition of Pseudaletia unipuncta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) . Industrial crops and products, 2015, vol. 63, p. 226-237. DOI
Wang, XS., Kapoor, V., Smythe, GA. Extraction and chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of the active principles from selected Chinese herbs and other medicinal plants. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE, 2003, vol. 31, no. 6, p. 927-944. DOI
Ojala, T., Vuorela, P., Kiviranta, J., Vuorela, H., Hiltunen, R. A bioassay using Artemia salina for detecting phototoxicity of plant coumarins . Planta medica, 1999, vol. 65, no. 8, p. 715-718. DOI
Dhalwal, Kamlesh., Shinde, Vaibhav M., Mahadik, Kakasaheb R. Efficient and sensitive method for quantitative determination and validation of umbelliferone, carvone and myristicin in Anethum graveolens and Carum carvi seed . Chromatographia, 2008, vol. 67, no. 1-2, p. 163-167. DOI
Abudayyak, Mahmoud., Ozdemir Nath, Ebru., Ozhan, Gul. Toxic potentials of ten herbs commonly used for aphrodisiac effect in Turkey. TURKISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, 2015, vol. 45, no. 3, p. 496-506. DOI
Dranik, L. I., Prokopenko, A. P. Coumarins and acids from Anethum graveolens fruit. Khimiya prirodnykh soedinenii, 1969, vol. 5, no. 5, p. 437.
Amanpour, Asghar., Kelebek, Hasim., Selli, Serkan. Aroma constituents of shade-dried aerial parts of Iranian dill (Anethum graveolens L.) and savory (Satureja sahendica Bornm.) by solvent-assisted flavor evaporation technique . Journal of food measurement and characterization, 2017, vol. 11, no. 3, p. 1430-1439. DOI
Malihezaman, Monsefi., Mojaba, Masoudi., Elham, Hosseini., Farnaz, Gramifar., Ramin, Miri. ANTI-FERTILITY EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT FRACTIONS OF ANETHUM GRAVEOLENS L. EXTRACTS ON FEMALE RATS . African journal of traditional complementary and alternative medicines, 2012, vol. 9, no. 3, p. 336-341. DOI
Mahran, G.H., Kadry, H.A., Thabet, C.K., El-Olemy, M.M., Al-Azizi, M.M., Schiff, P.L., Wong, L.K., Liv, N. GC/MS analysis of volatile oil of fruits of anethum graveolens. Pharmaceutical biology, 1992, vol. 30, no. 2, p. 139-144. DOI
Baslas, B. K., Baslas, R. K. Chemistry of the oil from the herb Anethum graveolens. Riechstoffe, aromen, koerperpflegemittel, 1972, vol. 22, no. 5), 155-, p. 158.
Alam, P., Alqasoumi, S.I., Abdel-Kader, S.M.S., Abdel-Kader, M.S. Densitometric HPTLC methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis of carvone, dillapiole, methylparaben and propylparaben in dill, caraway seeds and pharmaceutical formulations utilizing normal and reversed-phase silica gel plates. Fabad journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2013, vol. 38, no. 1, p. 33-48.
Ortan, Alina., Popescu, Maria-Lidia., Gaita, Andreea-Liana., Dinu-Pirvu, Cristina., Campeanu, Gh. Contributions to the Pharmacognostical Study on Anethum graveolens, Dill (Apiaceae) . Romanian biotechnological letters, 2009, vol. 14, no. 2, p. 4342-4348.

Boundary

A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.

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