Botanical species · safety record

Areca catechu

The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 12 constituent measurements and 6 genotoxicity assays for Areca catechu. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.

Accepted name in source: Areca catechu L.

12Constituent measurements

6Safety records

5Cited sources

246Licensed products (Canada)

Regulatory presence

Health Canada's Licensed Natural Health Products Database holds 246 licensed products naming Areca catechu as a medicinal ingredient, matched on the exact Latin binomial. A licence records that a product met the regulator's requirements for sale in Canada. It is not evidence that the product works.

Extract types on licence

Dry
Extract Type TBA

Source material stated

Areca catechu - seed
Crushed seed
Dried pericarp
Fruit
Fruit peel
Fruit pericarp
Husk
New material

What the records describe

Constituents measured

Plant parts

Preparations

Recorded constituents

What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.

Substance	Plant part	Preparation	Concentration	Analytical method	Source
Arecaidine	Seed	—	≤ 0.2 Percent	—	Resolve DOI
Arecaidine	Seed	—	≥ 0.1 Percent	—	Resolve DOI
Arecoline	Seed	—	≤ 0.49 Percent	—	Resolve DOI
Arecoline	Seed	—	≥ 0.18 Percent	—	Resolve DOI
Tannins	Seed	—	22 Percent	—	Resolve DOI
Harmalol	Seed	Solvent extraction	49.9 Nanogram/gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	No resolvable identifier
Harmane alkaloids	Seed	Solvent extraction	≥ 5.89 Nanogram/gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	No resolvable identifier
Harmane alkaloids	Seed	Solvent extraction	≤ 11.9 Nanogram/gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	No resolvable identifier
Harmine	Seed	Solvent extraction	0.6 Nanogram/gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	No resolvable identifier
Harmol	Seed	Solvent extraction	38.7 Nanogram/gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	No resolvable identifier
Norharmane	Seed	Solvent extraction	≤ 4.21 Nanogram/gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	No resolvable identifier
Norharmane	Seed	Solvent extraction	≥ 3.96 Nanogram/gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	No resolvable identifier

Genotoxicity testing

Outcomes of genotoxicity assays as recorded in the source. A negative assay is a result under those test conditions, not a clearance.

Outcome	Endpoint	Test	Tested organism	Metabolic activation	Source
Positive	gene mutation	bacterial gene mutation assay	Salmonella typhimurium (as organism)	With and without	Resolve DOI
Positive	chromosome aberration	chromosome aberration assay	House mouse (as animal)	Not applicable	Resolve DOI
Positive	chromosome aberration	micronucleus assay	House mouse (as animal)	Not applicable	Resolve DOI
Positive	chromosome aberration	sister chromatid exchange assay in mammalian cells	Human (as organism)	Not applicable	Resolve DOI
Positive	chromosome aberration	sister chromatid exchange assay in mammalian cells	Other	Without	No resolvable identifier
Positive	chromosome aberration	chromosome aberration assay	Other	Without	No resolvable identifier

Cited sources

The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.

Sharan, Rajesh N., Choudhury, Yashmin., Roy, D., Dorak, MT. Betel Nut and Susceptibility to Cancer. Environmental factors, genes, and the development of human cancers, 2010, p. 401-428. DOI
Polasa, K., Babu, S., Shenolikar, I.S. Dose-dependent genotoxic effect of pan masala and areca nut in the Salmonella typhimurium assay. Food and chemical toxicology, 1993, vol. 31, no. 6, p. 439-442. DOI
Tsuchiya, Hironori., Hayashi, Hideaki., Sato, Masaru., Shimizu, Hiroshi., Iinuma, Munekazu. Quantitative analysis of all types of beta-carboline alkaloids in medicinal plants and dried edible plants by high performance liquid chromatography with selective fluorometric detection. Phytochemical analysis, 1999, vol. 10, no. 5, p. 247-253.
Dave, Bhavana J., Trivedi, Amit H., Adhvaryu, Siddharth G. In vitro genotoxic effects of areca nut extract and arecoline. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 1992, vol. 118, no. 4, p. 283-288.
Kumpawat, K., Deb, S., Ray, S., Chatterjee, A. Genotoxic effect of raw betel-nut extract in relation to endogenous glutathione levels and its mechanism of action in mammalian cells . Mutation research-genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis, 2003, vol. 538, no. 1-2, p. 1-12. DOI

Boundary

A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.

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Independent literature