Botanical species · safety record

Argemone mexicana

The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 44 constituent measurements, 3 adverse-effect records and 1 genotoxicity assay for Argemone mexicana. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.

Accepted name in source: Argemone mexicana L.

44Constituent measurements

4Safety records

14Cited sources

2Licensed products (Canada)

Regulatory presence

Health Canada's Licensed Natural Health Products Database holds 2 licensed products naming Argemone mexicana as a medicinal ingredient, matched on the exact Latin binomial. A licence records that a product met the regulator's requirements for sale in Canada. It is not evidence that the product works.

Source material stated

Whole plant when beginning to bloom

What the records describe

Constituents measured

Plant parts

Preparations

Effect types

Target tissues

Recorded constituents

What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.

Substance	Plant part	Preparation	Concentration	Analytical method	Source
Alkaloids	Seed	Solvent extraction	—	HPLC with standard detection methods	Resolve DOI
Alkaloids	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Allocryptopine	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Berberine	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Berberine	Seed	Solvent extraction	≤ 0.07 Gram/kilogram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Berberine	Seed	Solvent extraction	≥ 0.01 Gram/kilogram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Berberine	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Berberine	Seed	Solvent extraction	—	HPLC with standard detection methods	Resolve DOI
Coptisine	Seed	Solvent extraction	—	HPLC with standard detection methods	Resolve DOI
Dihydrosanguinarine	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Dihydrosanguinarine	Seed	Solvent extraction	≤ 1.8 Gram/kilogram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Dihydrosanguinarine	Seed	Solvent extraction	≥ 1.06 Gram/kilogram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Galanthamine	Seed	Solvent extraction	—	HPLC with standard detection methods	Resolve DOI
Isoquinoline alkaloids	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Jatrorrhizine	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Magnoflorine	Seed	Solvent extraction	—	HPLC with standard detection methods	Resolve DOI
Palmatine	Seed	Solvent extraction	—	HPLC with standard detection methods	Resolve DOI
Protopine	Seed	Solvent extraction	—	HPLC with standard detection methods	Resolve DOI
Protopine	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Protopine	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Sanguinarine	Seed	Solvent extraction	0.33 Percent	Unspecified	Resolve DOI
Sanguinarine	Seed	Solvent extraction	—	HPLC with standard detection methods	Resolve DOI
Sanguinarine	Seed	Solvent extraction	≥ 0.08 Gram/kilogram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Sanguinarine	Seed	Solvent extraction	0.54 Percent	Mass Spectroscopy and hyphenated methods without chromatography	Resolve DOI
Sanguinarine	Seed	Solvent extraction	≤ 0.09 Gram/kilogram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Alkaloids	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	No resolvable identifier
Allocryptopine	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	0.047 Percent	—	No resolvable identifier
Allocryptopine	Live plants	Solvent extraction	0.02 Percent	—	No resolvable identifier
Allocryptopine	Roots and other underground parts	Solvent extraction	0.099 Percent	—	No resolvable identifier
Berberine	Roots and other underground parts	Solvent extraction	0.041 Percent	—	No resolvable identifier
Berberine	Live plants	Solvent extraction	0.1 Percent	—	No resolvable identifier
Berberine	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	0.012 Percent	—	No resolvable identifier
Chelerythrine	Live plants	Solvent extraction	0.03 Percent	—	No resolvable identifier
Chelerythrine	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	0.001 Percent	—	No resolvable identifier
Coptisine	Live plants	Solvent extraction	0.004 Percent	—	No resolvable identifier
Dihydrosanguinarine	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	0.011 Percent	—	No resolvable identifier
Isoquinoline alkaloids	Live plants	Solvent extraction	—	—	No resolvable identifier
Protopine	Live plants	—	—	Unspecified	No resolvable identifier
Protopine	Roots and other underground parts	Solvent extraction	0.091 Percent	—	No resolvable identifier
Protopine	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	0.028 Percent	—	No resolvable identifier

40 of 44 records are shown, ordered so that records carrying a resolvable reference come first.

Recorded adverse effects

Adverse effects reported in the source literature, most often in animal or laboratory models at a stated preparation and dose.

Effect	Target tissue	Plant part	Preparation	Test organism	Test type	Source
Digestive	Digestive	Seed	Powder	Pig (as animal)	Subchronic	Resolve DOI
Systemic	—	—	—	—	Case report	Resolve DOI
Digestive	Digestive	Seed	—	—	Case report	No resolvable identifier

Genotoxicity testing

Outcomes of genotoxicity assays as recorded in the source. A negative assay is a result under those test conditions, not a clearance.

Outcome	Endpoint	Test	Tested organism	Metabolic activation	Source
Positive	—	single cell gel/comet assay in mammalian cells for detection of DNA damage	House mouse (as animal)	—	Resolve DOI

Cited sources

The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.

Slavikova, Leonora., Slavik, Jiri. Alkaloids of papaveraceae. VII. Argemone mexicana. Chemicke listy pro vedu a prumysl, 1955, vol. 49, p. 1546-9.
Ansari, KM., Dhawan, A., Khanna, SK., Das, M. In vivo DNA damaging potential of sanguinarine alkaloid, isolated from argemone oil, using alkaline Comet assay in mice . Food and chemical toxicology, 2005, vol. 43, no. 1, p. 147-153. DOI
Singh, Sarita., Singh, Tryambak Deo., Singh, Virendra P., Pandey, Vidya B. Alkaloids of Argemone mexicana. Journal of the indian chemical society, 2009, vol. 86, no. 7, p. 756-757.
Singh, Sarita., Verma, Mradul., Malhotra, Meenakshi., Prakash, Satya., Singh, Tryambak Deo. Cytotoxicity of alkaloids isolated from Argemone mexicana on SW480 human colon cancer cell line . Pharmaceutical biology, 2016, vol. 54, no. 4, p. 740-745. DOI
Kukula-Koch, Wirginia., Mroczek, Tomasz. Application of hydrostatic CCC-TLC-HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS for the bioguided fractionation of anticholinesterase alkaloids from Argemone mexicana L. roots . Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2015, vol. 407, no. 9, p. 2581-2589. DOI
FLETCHER, MT., TAKKEN, G., BLANEY, BJ., ALBERTS, V. ISOQUINOLINE ALKALOIDS AND KETO-FATTY ACIDS OF ARGEMONE-OCHROLEUCA AND A-MEXICANA (MEXICAN POPPY) SEED .1. AN ASSAY-METHOD AND FACTORS AFFECTING THEIR CONCENTRATION . Australian journal of agricultural research, 1993, vol. 44, no. 2, p. 265-275. DOI
Abou-Donia, Amina H. A., El-Din, Ahmed A. Seif. Phytochemical study of Argemone mexicana L. grown in Egypt. Egyptian journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 1986, vol. 1984, 25(1-4), p. 1-5.
Piacente, S., Capasso, A., DeTommasi, N., Jativa, C., Pizza, C., Sorrentino, L. Different effects of some isoquinoline alkaloids from Argemone mexicana on electrically induced contractions of isolated guinea-pig ileum . Phytotherapy research, 1997, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 155-157. DOI
Chang, YC., Chang, FR., Khalil, AT., Hsieh, PW., Wu, YC. Cytotoxic benzophenanthridine and benzylisoquinoline alkaloids from Argemone mexicana . Zeitschrift fur naturforschung c-a journal of biosciences, 2003, vol. 58, no. 7-8, p. 521-526.
Sarkar, Sarashi L. Katakar-oil poisoning. Indian medical gazette, 1926, vol. 61, p. 62-3.
TAKKEN, G., FLETCHER, MT., BLANEY, BJ. ISOQUINOLINE ALKALOIDS AND KETO-FATTY ACIDS OF ARGEMONE-OCHROLEUCA AND A-MEXICANA (MEXICAN POPPY) SEED .2. CONCENTRATIONS TOLERATED BY PIGS . Australian journal of agricultural research, 1993, vol. 44, no. 2, p. 277-285. DOI
Verma, SK., Dev, G., Tyagi, AK., Goomber, S., Jain, GV. Argemone mexicana poisoning: autopsy findings of two cases. Forensic science international, 2001, vol. 115, no. 1-2, p. 135-141. DOI
Magora, B.H., Cole, M.D. Phytochemical and toxicological studies of some Botswanan plants used in traditional medicine. Z zagadnien nauk sadowych, 2001, vol. 47, p. 358-362.
Ansari, KM., Chauhan, LKS., Dhawan, A., Khanna, SK., Das, M. Unequivocal evidence of genotoxic potential of argemone oil in mice. International journal of cancer, 2004, vol. 112, no. 5, p. 890-895. DOI

Boundary

A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.

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