Botanical species · safety record

Azadirachta indica

The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 4 constituent measurements, 2 adverse-effect records and 3 genotoxicity assays for Azadirachta indica. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.

Accepted name in source: Azadirachta indica A.Juss.

4Constituent measurements

5Safety records

6Cited sources

119Licensed products (Canada)

Also recorded as

Melia azadirachta L.

Synonyms are carried from the source compendium. A species may be traded and studied under more than one name, which is exactly how a safety record gets lost.

Regulatory presence

Health Canada's Licensed Natural Health Products Database holds 119 licensed products naming Azadirachta indica as a medicinal ingredient, matched on the exact Latin binomial. A licence records that a product met the regulator's requirements for sale in Canada. It is not evidence that the product works.

Extract types on licence

Source material stated

Aged bark
Branch bark
Dried fruit
Flower
Fruit
Fruit pulp
Leaf
Leaf extract

What the records describe

Constituents measured

Plant parts

Preparations

Effect types

Target tissues

Recorded constituents

What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.

Substance	Plant part	Preparation	Concentration	Analytical method	Source
Azadirachtin	Aerial part of plants	—	—	—	Resolve DOI
Azadirone	Aerial part of plants	—	—	—	Resolve DOI
Nimbolide	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	—	—	Resolve DOI
Alkaloids	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry	No resolvable identifier

Recorded adverse effects

Adverse effects reported in the source literature, most often in animal or laboratory models at a stated preparation and dose.

Effect	Target tissue	Plant part	Preparation	Test organism	Test type	Source
Reproductive	Testes	Leaves	Solvent extraction	House mouse (as animal)	Reproduction toxicity	Resolve DOI
Neurotoxicity	Neurologic	Seed	—	Human (as organism)	Acute toxicity	No resolvable identifier

Genotoxicity testing

Outcomes of genotoxicity assays as recorded in the source. A negative assay is a result under those test conditions, not a clearance.

Outcome	Endpoint	Test	Tested organism	Metabolic activation	Source
Positive	gene mutation	bacterial gene mutation assay	Escherichia coli (as organism)	With and without	Resolve DOI
Positive	chromosome aberration	chromosome aberration assay	House mouse (as animal)	Not applicable	Resolve DOI
Positive	chromosome aberration	chromosome aberration assay	Other	Without	Resolve DOI

Cited sources

The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.

Mitra, Tulika., Bhattacharya, Rahul. Phytochemicals modulate cancer aggressiveness: A review depicting the anticancer efficacy of dietary polyphenols and their combinations. Journal of cellular physiology, 2020. DOI
Priya, G., Bhagavathy, S., Najeeb, Nasreen., Suganthi, M. Genotoxic effects of Azadirachta indica and Cynodon dactylon on Allium cepa meristamatic tissue. International journal of scientific research and reviews, 2019, vol. 8, no. 2, p. 4080-4087.
Sinniah, D., Schwartz, P.H., Mitchell, R.A., Arcinue, E.L. Margosa oil and Reye's syndrome. Acta paediatrica japonica (overseas edition), 1986, vol. 28, no. 5, p. 656-662.
Akintonwa, Alade., Awodele, Olufunsho., Afolayan, Gbenga., Coker, Herbert A. B. Mutagenic screening of some commonly used medicinal plants in Nigeria. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2009, vol. 125, no. 3, p. 461-470. DOI
Awasthy, KS., Chaurasia, OP., Sinha, SP. Prolonged murine genotoxic effects of crude extracted from neem. Phytotherapy research, 1999, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 81-83. DOI
Khan, PK., Awasthy, KS. Cytogenetic toxicity of neem. Food and chemical toxicology, 2003, vol. 41, no. 10, p. 1325-1328. DOI

Boundary

A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.

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Independent literature