Botanical species · safety record
Cassia fistula
The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 29 constituent measurements, 2 adverse-effect records and 1 genotoxicity assay for Cassia fistula. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.
Accepted name in source: Cassia fistula L.
Regulatory presence
Health Canada's Licensed Natural Health Products Database holds 14 licensed products naming Cassia fistula as a medicinal ingredient, matched on the exact Latin binomial. A licence records that a product met the regulator's requirements for sale in Canada. It is not evidence that the product works.
Extract types on licence
Source material stated
What the records describe
Constituents measured
- Physcion8
- Anthraquinones4
- Chrysophanol4
- Rhein3
- Sennoside a3
- Alkaloids1
- Anthraquinone1
- Benzaldehyde1
- Cardiac glycosides1
- Coumarins1
Plant parts
- Leaves13
- Fruit unspecified6
- Aerial part of plants4
- Flower3
- Seed3
- Bark1
- Stem1
- stalk1
Preparations
- Solvent extraction30
Effect types
- Digestive1
- Not reported1
Target tissues
- Digestive1
Recorded constituents
What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.
| Substance | Plant part | Preparation | Concentration | Analytical method | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alkaloids | Leaves | Solvent extraction | 1.3 Gram/kilogram | Unspecified | Resolve DOI |
| Anthraquinones | Fruit unspecified | Solvent extraction | ≥ 0.135 Percent | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Anthraquinones | Leaves | Solvent extraction | — | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Anthraquinones | Fruit unspecified | Solvent extraction | ≤ 0.137 Percent | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) | Leaves | Solvent extraction | 31.6 Gram/kilogram | Unspecified | Resolve DOI |
| Rhein | Fruit unspecified | Solvent extraction | ≥ 0.049 Percent | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Rhein | Fruit unspecified | Solvent extraction | ≤ 0.055 Percent | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Rhein | Leaves | Solvent extraction | — | Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry | Resolve DOI |
| Saponins | Leaves | Solvent extraction | 8.3 Gram/kilogram | Unspecified | Resolve DOI |
| Sennoside a | Leaves | Solvent extraction | — | Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry | Resolve DOI |
| Anthraquinone | Aerial part of plants | Solvent extraction | — | Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) | No resolvable identifier |
| Anthraquinones | Bark | Solvent extraction | — | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | No resolvable identifier |
| Benzaldehyde | Fruit unspecified | Solvent extraction | — | Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) | No resolvable identifier |
| Cardiac glycosides | Leaves | Solvent extraction | — | Phytochemical screening | No resolvable identifier |
| Chrysophanol | Flower | Solvent extraction | 10.8 Microgram/millilitre | Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) | No resolvable identifier |
| Chrysophanol | Leaves | Solvent extraction | 12.1 Microgram/millilitre | Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) | No resolvable identifier |
| Chrysophanol | Stem / stalk | Solvent extraction | 4.6 Microgram/millilitre | Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) | No resolvable identifier |
| Chrysophanol | Aerial part of plants | Solvent extraction | 0.28 Percent | Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) | No resolvable identifier |
| Coumarins | Aerial part of plants | Solvent extraction | — | Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) | No resolvable identifier |
| Physcion | Seed | Solvent extraction | ≤ 5.1 Microgram/millilitre | Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) | No resolvable identifier |
| Physcion | Aerial part of plants | Solvent extraction | 0.26 Percent | Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) | No resolvable identifier |
| Physcion | Seed | Solvent extraction | ≥ 4.7 Microgram/millilitre | Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) | No resolvable identifier |
| Physcion | Flower | Solvent extraction | ≥ 5.1 Microgram/millilitre | Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) | No resolvable identifier |
| Physcion | Flower | Solvent extraction | ≤ 5.4 Microgram/millilitre | Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) | No resolvable identifier |
| Physcion | Fruit unspecified | Solvent extraction | 7.9 Microgram/millilitre | Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) | No resolvable identifier |
| Physcion | Leaves | Solvent extraction | ≥ 5.1 Microgram/millilitre | Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) | No resolvable identifier |
| Physcion | Leaves | Solvent extraction | ≤ 7.5 Microgram/millilitre | Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography) | No resolvable identifier |
| Sennoside a | Leaves | Solvent extraction | ≥ 3.45 Milligram/gram | Coproantigen ELISA | No resolvable identifier |
| Sennoside a | Leaves | Solvent extraction | ≤ 3.56 Milligram/gram | Coproantigen ELISA | No resolvable identifier |
Recorded adverse effects
Adverse effects reported in the source literature, most often in animal or laboratory models at a stated preparation and dose.
| Effect | Target tissue | Plant part | Preparation | Test organism | Test type | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Digestive | Digestive | Seed | — | — | In vitro | Resolve DOI |
| Not reported | — | Leaves | Solvent extraction | House mouse (as animal) | Acute toxicity | No resolvable identifier |
Genotoxicity testing
Outcomes of genotoxicity assays as recorded in the source. A negative assay is a result under those test conditions, not a clearance.
| Outcome | Endpoint | Test | Tested organism | Metabolic activation | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | chromosome aberration | chromosome aberration assay | House mouse (as animal) | Without | Resolve DOI |
Cited sources
The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.
- Lee, CK., Lee, PH., Kuo, YH. The chemical constituents from the aril of Cassia fistula L.. Journal of the chinese chemical society, 2001, vol. 48, no. 6A, p. 1053-1058.
- Khan, M., Shingare, M.S., Siddiqui, A.R., Angadi, S.S., Maske, P.V., Yahya, M., Siddiqui, M.A. TLC-colourimetric estimation of free and combined forms of chrysophanol, emodin and physcione in some Cassia species. Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2005, vol. 67, no. 6, p. 767-770.
- Salem, AZM., Salem, MZM., El-Adawy, MM., Robinson, PH. Nutritive evaluations of some browse tree foliages during the dry season: Secondary compounds, feed intake and in vivo digestibility in sheep and goats. ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2006, vol. 127, no. 3-4, p. 251-267. DOI
- Sakulpanich, A., Chewchinda, S., Sithisarn, P., Gritsanapan, W. Standardization and toxicity evaluation of Cassia fistula pod pulp extract for alternative source of herbal laxative drug. Pharmacognosy journal, 2012, vol. 4, no. 28, p. 6-12. DOI
- Mukhopadhyay, MJ., Saha, A., Dutta, A., De, B., Mukherjee, A. Genotoxicity of sennosides on the bone marrow cells of mice. Food and chemical toxicology, 1998, vol. 36, no. 11, p. 937-940. DOI
- Morinaga, Osamu., Uto, Takuhiro., Sakamoto, Seiichi., Tanaka, Hiroyuki., Shoyama, Yukihiro. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for total sennosides using anti-sennoside A and anti-sennoside B monoclonal antibodies. Fitoterapia, 2009, vol. 80, no. 1, p. 28-31.
- Pandey, Prabhash K., Singh, Dushyant., Singh, Ranjan., Sinha, Mrityunjay K., Singh, Sangram., Jamal, Farrukh. Cassia fistula seed's trypsin inhibitor(s) as antibiosis agent in Helicoverpa armigera pest management . Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology, 2016, vol. 6, p. 202-208. DOI
- Bhakta, T., Deb, P.K., Bhaumik, K.N., Saha, J. Pharmacognostic investigation, acute toxicity studies and isolation of steroidal compound from the leaves of Cassia fistula Linn. International journal of pharmaceutical sciences review and research, 2014, vol. 25, no. 1, p. 210-214.
- Li, L., Xu, W.-X., Liu, C.-B., Zhang, C.-M., Zhao, W., Shang, S.-Z., Deng, L., Guo, Y.-D. A new anthraquinones from Cassia fistula and its cytotoxicity. Asian journal of chemistry, 2015, vol. 27, no. 9, p. 3527-3528. DOI
- Zhou, Min., Xing, Huan-Huan., Yang, Yan., Wang, Yue-De., Zhou, Kun., Dong, Wei., Li, Gan-Peng., Hu, Wei-Yao., Liu, Qiang., Li, Xue-Mei., . Three new anthraquinones from the twigs of Cassia fistula and their bioactivities. Journal of asian natural products research, 2017, p. Ahead of Print.
- Veerachari, U., Bopaiah, A.K. Preliminary phyto-chemical evaluation of the leaf extract of five cassia species. Journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research, 2011, vol. 3, no. 5, p. 574-583.
Boundary
A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.
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