Botanical species · safety record

Citrus hystrix

The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 13 constituent measurements and 3 adverse-effect records for Citrus hystrix. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.

Accepted name in source: Citrus hystrix DC.

13Constituent measurements

3Safety records

7Cited sources

0Licensed products (Canada)

Regulatory presence

No Health Canada licensed natural health product in the snapshot names this species as a medicinal ingredient under this exact binomial. Absence here means absence from this one register under this one name, not absence from trade, and not a safety verdict.

What the records describe

Constituents measured

Plant parts

Preparations

Effect types

Target tissues

Recorded constituents

What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.

Substance	Plant part	Preparation	Concentration	Analytical method	Source
Bergamottin	Fruit peel	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Bergamottin	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Citrusoside b	Fruit peel	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Isoimperatorin	Fruit peel	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Limonin	Fruit unspecified	Drying (dehydration)	≤ 228 Milligram/kilogram	HPLC-UV	Resolve DOI
Limonin	Fruit unspecified	Drying (dehydration)	≥ 160 Milligram/kilogram	HPLC-UV	Resolve DOI
Limonoids	Seed	Solvent extraction	—	HPLC-UV	Resolve DOI
Oxypeucedanin	Fruit peel	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Oxypeucedanin	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Myrcene	Fruit peel	Essential oil	≥ 1.7 Percent	GC-MS	No resolvable identifier
Myrcene	Fruit unspecified	Essential oil	≤ 1.3 Percent	GC-MS	No resolvable identifier
Myrcene	Fruit unspecified	Essential oil	≥ 1.1 Percent	GC-MS	No resolvable identifier
Myrcene	Fruit peel	Essential oil	≤ 2 Percent	GC-MS	No resolvable identifier

Recorded adverse effects

Adverse effects reported in the source literature, most often in animal or laboratory models at a stated preparation and dose.

Effect	Target tissue	Plant part	Preparation	Test organism	Test type	Source
None	—	Fruit peel	Solvent extraction	Rat (as animal)	Acute toxicity	Resolve DOI
Reproductive	Uterus	Fruit peel	Solvent extraction	Rat (as animal)	Reproduction toxicity	Resolve DOI
Reproductive	Uterus	Fruit peel	Solvent extraction	Rat (as animal)	Reproduction toxicity	Resolve DOI

Cited sources

The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.

PIYACHATURAWAT, P., GLINSUKON, T., CHANJARUNEE, A. ANTIFERTILITY EFFECT OF CITRUS-HYSTRIX DC. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 1985, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 105-110. DOI
Kasuan, N., Muhammad, Z., Yusoff, Z., Rahiman, M.H.F., Taib, M.N., Haiyee, Z.A. Extraction of Citrus hystrix D.C. (Kaffir Lime) essential oil using automated steam distillation process: Analysis of volatile compounds Pengekstrakan Minyak Citrus Hystrix D.C. (Limau Purut) menggunakan kaedah penyulingan wap automatik: Analisa komposisi hasil minyak . Malaysian journal of analytical sciences, 2013, vol. 17, no. 3, p. 359-369.
Berhow, MA., Fong, CH., Hasegawa, S. Limonoid and flavonoid composition in varieties of Papeda and Papedocitrus. BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY, 1996, vol. 24, no. 3, p. 237-242. DOI
Chinapongtitiwat, Vaniya., Jongaroontaprangsee, Saranya., Chiewchan, Naphaporn., Devahastin, Sakamon. Important flavonoids and limonin in selected Thai citrus residues. JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS, 2013, vol. 5, no. 3, p. 1151-1158. DOI
Youkwan, Juthamanee., Sutthivaiyakit, Somyote., Sutthivaiyakit, Pakawadee. Citrusosides A-D and Furanocoumarins with Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activity from the Fruit Peels of Citrus hystrix. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS, 2010, vol. 73, no. 11, p. 1879-1883. DOI
Murakami, A., Gao, GX., Kim, OK., Omura, M., Yano, M., Ito, C., Furukawa, H., Jiwajinda, S., Koshimizu, K., Ohigashi, H. Identification of coumarins from the fruit of Citrus hystrix DC as inhibitors of nitric oxide generation in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, 1999, vol. 47, no. 1, p. 333-339. DOI
Sato, Akiyoshi., Asano, Kenichi., Sato, Toshiya. The chemical composition of Citrus hystrix DC (Swangi). Journal of Essential Oil Research, 1990, p. 179-183.

Boundary

A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.

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