Botanical species · safety record

Citrus paradisi

The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 83 constituent measurements for Citrus paradisi. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.

Accepted name in source: Citrus paradisi Macfad.

83Constituent measurements

0Safety records

12Cited sources

248Licensed products (Canada)

Regulatory presence

Health Canada's Licensed Natural Health Products Database holds 248 licensed products naming Citrus paradisi as a medicinal ingredient, matched on the exact Latin binomial. A licence records that a product met the regulator's requirements for sale in Canada. It is not evidence that the product works.

Extract types on licence

Dry
Extract Type TBA
Fresh

Source material stated

Citrus paradisi - Fruit
Citrus paradisi - Fruit peel
Citrus paradisi - Seed
Edible fruit part
Fruit
Fruit concentrate
Fruit extract
Fruit fibre

What the records describe

Constituents measured

Plant parts

Preparations

Recorded constituents

What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.

Substance	Plant part	Preparation	Concentration	Analytical method	Source
Auraptene	Fruit unspecified	Essential oil	≥ 3187 Milligram/litre	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Auraptene	Fruit unspecified	Essential oil	≤ 4074 Milligram/litre	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Bergamottin	Fruit peel	Solvent extraction	10.18 Microgram/gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Bergamottin	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	12162 Nanogram/gram	UHPLC-MS-MS	Resolve DOI
Bergamottin	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	≥ 0.92 Milligram/litre	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Bergamottin	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	≤ 4.83 Milligram/litre	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Bergamottin	Fruit unspecified	Essential oil	≥ 5421 Milligram/litre	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Bergamottin	Fruit unspecified	Essential oil	≤ 8098 Milligram/litre	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Bergamottin	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	6578 Nanogram/gram	UHPLC-MS-MS	Resolve DOI
Bergamottin	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	≥ 1 Millimole/litre	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Bergamottin	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	≤ 36.6 Millimole/litre	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Bergamottin	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	2.96 Microgram/gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Bergamottin	Fruit unspecified	—	≥ 1544 Microgram/100 gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Bergamottin	Fruit unspecified	—	≤ 1756 Microgram/100 gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Bergamottin	Unspecified	—	≥ 0.2 Microgram/millilitre	Unspecified	Resolve DOI
Bergamottin	Unspecified	—	≤ 1 Microgram/millilitre	Unspecified	Resolve DOI
Bergamottin	Fruit peel	Solvent extraction	7918 Nanogram/gram	UHPLC-MS-MS	Resolve DOI
Bergapten	Fruit peel	Solvent extraction	118014 Nanogram/gram	UHPLC-MS-MS	Resolve DOI
Bergapten	Fruit peel	Solvent extraction	1.92 Microgram/gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Bergapten	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	82 Nanogram/gram	UHPLC-MS-MS	Resolve DOI
Bergaptol	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	125 Nanogram/gram	UHPLC-MS-MS	Resolve DOI
Bergaptol	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	≥ 6.98 Milligram/litre	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Bergaptol	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	≤ 20.87 Milligram/litre	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Furanocoumarins	Unspecified	—	≥ 0.5 Microgram/millilitre	Unspecified	Resolve DOI
Furanocoumarins	Unspecified	—	≥ 0.07 Microgram/millilitre	Unspecified	Resolve DOI
Furanocoumarins	Unspecified	—	≤ 0.26 Microgram/millilitre	Unspecified	Resolve DOI
Furanocoumarins	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	≥ 0.22 Millimole/litre	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Furanocoumarins	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	≤ 52.5 Millimole/litre	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Furanocoumarins	Fruit peel	Solvent extraction	118014 Nanogram/gram	UHPLC-MS-MS	Resolve DOI
Furanocoumarins	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	24879 Nanogram/gram	UHPLC-MS-MS	Resolve DOI
Furanocoumarins	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	42266 Nanogram/gram	UHPLC-MS-MS	Resolve DOI
Furanocoumarins	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	≥ 0.82 Milligram/litre	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Furanocoumarins	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	≤ 2.3 Milligram/litre	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Furanocoumarins	Unspecified	—	≤ 3 Microgram/millilitre	Unspecified	Resolve DOI
Furanocoumarins	Unspecified	—	≥ 0.1 Microgram/millilitre	Unspecified	Resolve DOI
Furanocoumarins	Unspecified	—	≤ 0.38 Microgram/millilitre	Unspecified	Resolve DOI
Furanocoumarins	Fruit peel	Solvent extraction	11823 Nanogram/gram	UHPLC-MS-MS	Resolve DOI
Furanocoumarins	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	924 Nanogram/gram	UHPLC-MS-MS	Resolve DOI
Furanocoumarins	Unspecified	—	≥ 0.06 Microgram/millilitre	Unspecified	Resolve DOI
Furanocoumarins	Unspecified	—	≤ 0.08 Microgram/millilitre	Unspecified	Resolve DOI

40 of 83 records are shown, ordered so that records carrying a resolvable reference come first.

Cited sources

The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.

Le Borgne, Erell., Cicchetti, Esmeralda., Bertrand, Thomas. HPTLC methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis of selected furocoumarins in essential oils. Flavour and fragrance journal, 2017, vol. 32, no. 5, p. 330-339.
Mohamed, TK. Chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of Citrus paradisi (star-ruby red grapefruit) and Citrus sinensis (blood sweet orange) Egyptian cultivars . Asian journal of chemistry, 2004, vol. 16, no. 3-4, p. 1753-1764.
Mercolini, Laura., Mandrioli, Roberto., Ferranti, Anna., Sorella, Vittorio., Protti, Michele., Epifano, Francesco., Curini, Massimo., Raggi, Maria Augusta. Quantitative Evaluation of Auraptene and Umbelliferone, Chemopreventive Coumarins in Citrus Fruits, by HPLC-UV-FL-MS. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2013, vol. 61, no. 8, p. 1694-1701.
Dugo, Paola., Russo, Marina., Saro, Mariagiovanna., Carnovale, Caterina., Bonaccorsi, Ivana., Mondello, Luigi. Multidimensional liquid chromatography for the determination of chiral coumarins and furocoumarins in Citrus essential oils. Journal of separation science, 2012, vol. 35, no. 14, p. 1828-1836. DOI
Peroutka, Radek., Schulzova, Vera., Botek, Petr., Hajslova, Jana. Analysis of furanocoumarins in vegetables (Apiaceae) anal citrus fruits (Rutaceae). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, 2007, vol. 87, no. 11, p. 2152-2163. DOI
Lee, Sang Gil., Kim, Kijoon., Vance, Terrence M., Perkins, Christopher., Provatas, Anthony., Wu, Shaowei., Qureshi, Abrar., Cho, Eunyoung., Chun, Ock K. Development of a comprehensive analytical method for furanocoumarins in grapefruit and their metabolites in plasma and urine using UPLC-MS/MS: a preliminary study. International journal of food sciences and nutrition, 2016, vol. 67, no. 8, p. 881-887. DOI
Hiserodt, Richard., Chen, Li. An LC/MS/MS method for the analysis of furocoumarins in citrus oil. Acs symposium series, 2012, vol. 1098, no. Recent Advances in the Analysis of Food and Flavors, p. 71-88.
Melesio Cristobal-Luna, Jose., Alvarez-Gonzalez, Isela., Madrigal-Bujaidar, Eduardo., Chamorro-Cevallos, German. Grapefruit and its biomedical, antigenotoxic and chemopreventive properties. Food and chemical toxicology, 2018, vol. 112, p. 224-234. DOI
Messer, Anastasia., Nieborowski, Anna., Strasser, Christian., Lohr, Christiane., Schrenk, Dieter. Major furocoumarins in grapefruit juice I: Levels and urinary metabolite(s). Food and chemical toxicology, 2011, vol. 49, no. 12, p. 3224-3231. DOI
Gorgus, E., Lohr, C., Raquet, N., Guth, S., Schrenk, D. Limettin and furocoumarins in beverages containing citrus juices or extracts. FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY, 2010, vol. 48, no. 1, p. 93-98. DOI
Milder, Ivon E. J., Arts, Ilja C. W., van de Putte, Betty., Venema, Dini P., Hollman, Peter C. H. Lignan contents of Dutch plant foods: A database including lariciresinol, pinoresinol, secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol. British journal of nutrition, 2005, vol. 93, no. 3, p. 393-402.
De Castro, WV., Mertens-Talcott, S., Rubner, A., Butterweck, V., Derendorf, H. Variation of flavonoids and furanocoumarins in grapefruit juices: A potential source of variability in grapefruit juice-drug interaction studies. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2006, vol. 54, no. 1, p. 249-255. DOI

Boundary

A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.

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