Botanical species · safety record

Croton tiglium

The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 12 constituent measurements, 3 adverse-effect records and 1 genotoxicity assay for Croton tiglium. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.

Accepted name in source: Croton tiglium L.

12Constituent measurements

4Safety records

11Cited sources

29Licensed products (Canada)

Regulatory presence

Health Canada's Licensed Natural Health Products Database holds 29 licensed products naming Croton tiglium as a medicinal ingredient, matched on the exact Latin binomial. A licence records that a product met the regulator's requirements for sale in Canada. It is not evidence that the product works.

Extract types on licence

Source material stated

Dried ripe seeds
Dried seed(s)
Herb
Oil from seed
Oil of croton
Ore
Seed oil
Seed(s)

What the records describe

Constituents measured

Plant parts

Preparations

Effect types

Target tissues

Recorded constituents

What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.

Substance	Plant part	Preparation	Concentration	Analytical method	Source
Diterpene esters	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Chromatography hyphenated to element spectrometry	Resolve DOI
Diterpene esters	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Phorbol esters	Seed	Solvent extraction	—	Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography)	Resolve DOI
Phorbol esters	Seed	Solvent extraction	≤ 5.2 Milligram/100 gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Phorbol esters	Seed	Solvent extraction	≥ 1.8 Milligram/100 gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Alkaloids	Seed	Solvent extraction	≤ 9.66 Percent	Phytochemical screening	No resolvable identifier
Alkaloids	Seed	Solvent extraction	≥ 9.14 Percent	Phytochemical screening	No resolvable identifier
Crotin i	Seed	Solvent extraction	—	Electrophoretic tests	No resolvable identifier
Labdane diterpenes	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	—	Unspecified	No resolvable identifier
Phorbol	Seed	Solvent extraction	—	LC-MS/MS	No resolvable identifier
Saponins	Seed	Solvent extraction	≤ 2.57 Percent	Phytochemical screening	No resolvable identifier
Saponins	Seed	Solvent extraction	≥ 2.51 Percent	Phytochemical screening	No resolvable identifier

Recorded adverse effects

Adverse effects reported in the source literature, most often in animal or laboratory models at a stated preparation and dose.

Effect	Target tissue	Plant part	Preparation	Test organism	Test type	Source
Digestive	Digestive	Seed	Solvent extraction	House mouse (as animal)	Acute toxicity	Resolve DOI
Digestive	Digestive	Seed	Solvent extraction	House mouse (as animal)	Acute toxicity	Resolve DOI
Pulmonary and cardiac	Lung	Seed	Solvent extraction	House mouse (as animal)	Acute toxicity	Resolve DOI

Genotoxicity testing

Outcomes of genotoxicity assays as recorded in the source. A negative assay is a result under those test conditions, not a clearance.

Outcome	Endpoint	Test	Tested organism	Metabolic activation	Source
Positive	gene mutation	bacterial reverse mutation assay	Salmonella typhimurium (as organism)	No data	Resolve DOI

Cited sources

The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.

Anika, S.M., Shetty, S.N. Investigations on croton penduliflorus hutch.: III. Estimation of the acute toxicity in frogs and mice and the irritant activity in mice. Pharmaceutical biology, 1984, vol. 22, no. 4, p. 173-176. DOI
Kim, Ji-Young., Yun, Jun-Won., Kim, Yun-Soon., Kwon, Euna., Choi, Hyung Jun., Yeom, Su-Cheong., Kang, Byeong-Cheol. Mutagenicity and tumor-promoting effects of Tiglium seed extract via PKC and MAPK signaling pathways . Bioscience biotechnology and biochemistry, 2015, vol. 79, no. 3, p. 374-383. DOI
Abbas, Mazhar., Shahid, Muhammad., Iqbal, Munawar., Anjum, Fozia., Sharif, Sumaira., Ahmed, Sohail., Pirzada, Tajnees. Antitermitic activity and phytochemical analysis of fifteen medicinal plant seeds. Journal of medicinal plants research, 2013, vol. 7, no. 22, p. 1608-1617.
Du, Qizhen., Zhao, Yongchun., Liu, Hongchun., Tang, Chunping., Zhang, Minmin., Ke, Changqiang., Ye, Yang. Isolation and Structure Characterization of Cytotoxic Phorbol Esters from the Seeds of Croton tiglium. . Planta medica, 2017. DOI
Pal, Prince Kumar., Nandi, Manmath Kumar., Singh, Narendra Kumar. Detoxification of Croton tiglium L. seeds by Ayurvedic process of Sodhana. . Ancient science of life, 2014, vol. 33, no. 3, p. 157-61. DOI
Vogg, G., Achatz, S., Kettrup, A., Sandermann, H. Fast, sensitive and selective liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric determination of tumor-promoting diterpene esters. Journal of chromatography a, 1999, vol. 855, no. 2, p. 563-573.
Yadav, Ram P., Singh, Ajay. Toxic Effects of Crotocaudin Extracted from the Medicinal Plant Croton tiglium . Zeitschrift fur naturforschung section c-a journal of biosciences, 2010, vol. 65, no. 5-6, p. 327-336.
Zhang, Dong-Dong., Zhou, Bin., Yu, Jin-Hai., Xu, Cheng-Hui., Ding, Jian., Zhang, Hua., Yue, Jian-Min. Cytotoxic tigliane-type diterpenoids from Croton tiglium. Tetrahedron, 2015, vol. 71, no. 52, p. 9638-9644. DOI
Zhao, Bi-Qing., Peng, Shuai., He, Wei-Jun., Liu, Yong-Hong., Wang, Jun-Feng., Zhou, Xiao-Jiang. Antitubercular and cytotoxic tigliane-type diterpenoids from Croton tiglium . Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 2016, vol. 26, no. 20, p. 4996-4999. DOI
Chen, Minghuang., Pan, Kezhen. Isolation, characterization, and crystallization of crotin toxin from the seeds of Croton tiglium L. Shengwu huaxue zazhi, 1993, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 104-8.
Liu, Liping., Yu, Hongli., Wu, Hao., Yang, Xiaolin., Pan, Yaozong., Chen, Yeqing., Wang, Kuilong., Wang, Wei., Zhang, Wenying., Jin, Yangping., Zhang, Chengchao., Jiang, Ai., Xia, Chunyan. Toxic proteins from Croton tiglium L. exert a proinflammatory effect by inducing release of proinflammatory cytokines and activating the p38-MAPK signaling pathway . Molecular medicine reports, 2017, vol. 16, no. 1, p. 631-638. DOI

Boundary

A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.

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