Botanical species · safety record

Cycas circinalis

The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 6 constituent measurements, 7 adverse-effect records and 1 genotoxicity assay for Cycas circinalis. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.

Accepted name in source: Cycas circinalis L.

6Constituent measurements

8Safety records

9Cited sources

0Licensed products (Canada)

Regulatory presence

No Health Canada licensed natural health product in the snapshot names this species as a medicinal ingredient under this exact binomial. Absence here means absence from this one register under this one name, not absence from trade, and not a safety verdict.

What the records describe

Constituents measured

Plant parts

Preparations

Effect types

Target tissues

Recorded constituents

What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.

Substance	Plant part	Preparation	Concentration	Analytical method	Source
Alkaloids	Flower	Solvent extraction	—	Phytochemical screening	No resolvable identifier
Beta-n-methylamino-l-alanine	Seed	Solvent extraction	≤ 18.39 Microgram/gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	No resolvable identifier
Cardiac glycosides	Flower	Solvent extraction	—	Phytochemical screening	No resolvable identifier
Cycasin	Seed	Solvent extraction	≤ 75.93 Microgram/gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	No resolvable identifier
Cycasin	Seed	Solvent extraction	≥ 0.004 Microgram/gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	No resolvable identifier
Methylazoxymethanol	Seed	—	—	Unspecified	No resolvable identifier

Recorded adverse effects

Adverse effects reported in the source literature, most often in animal or laboratory models at a stated preparation and dose.

Effect	Target tissue	Plant part	Preparation	Test organism	Test type	Source
Digestive	Digestive	Husk	—	Rat (as animal)	Short-term toxicity	Resolve DOI
Digestive	Digestive	Husk	—	Rat (as animal)	Short-term toxicity	Resolve DOI
Neurotoxicity	Neurologic	Seed	Raw, no heat treatment	Rhesus monkey (as animal)	Subchronic	Resolve DOI
Hepatotoxicity	Liver	Seed	Solvent extraction	Rat (as animal)	Chronic/long term toxicity	No resolvable identifier
Nephrotoxicity	Urogenital: kidneys	—	—	Rat (as animal)	Short-term toxicity	No resolvable identifier
Neurotoxicity	Neurologic: central nervous system	Seed	Powder	House mouse (as animal)	Short-term toxicity	No resolvable identifier
Other toxicities	—	Live plants	Solvent extraction	Rat (as animal)	Acute toxicity	No resolvable identifier

Genotoxicity testing

Outcomes of genotoxicity assays as recorded in the source. A negative assay is a result under those test conditions, not a clearance.

Outcome	Endpoint	Test	Tested organism	Metabolic activation	Source
Positive	DNA damage and/or repair	bacterial reverse mutation assay	Salmonella typhimurium (as organism)	—	No resolvable identifier

Cited sources

The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.

Wilson, JMB., Khabazian, I., Wong, MC., Seyedalikhani, A., Bains, JS., Pasqualotto, BA., Williams, DE., Andersen, RJ., Simpson, RJ., Smith, R., Craig, UK., Kurland, LT., Shaw, CA. Behavioral and neurological correlates of ALS-parkinsonism dementia complex in adult mice fed washed cycad flour . Neuromolecular medicine, 2002, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 207-221.
Yang, M.G., Mickelsen, O. Cycad husk from Guam: Its Toxicity to rats. Economic botany, 1968, vol. 22, no. 2, p. 149-154. DOI
Matsumoto, Hiromu., Strong, F. M. Occurrence of methylazoxymethanol in Cycas circinalis. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 1963, p. 299-310.
Kurland, L.T. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinson's disease complex on Guam linked to an environmental neurotoxin. Trends in neurosciences, 1988, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 51-54. DOI
Gusek, Wilfried., Buss, Harro., Lacqueur, G. L. Histological-histochemical tests in interstitial cycasin tumor in rat kidneys. Beitraege zur pathologischen anatomie und allgemeinen pathologie, 1967, p. 53-74.
Babu, S.K., Jagadesan, V.K., Ramasamy, S. An acute oral toxicity study of Cycus circinalis L and Ionidium suffruticosum (Ging) in Wister albino rats. International journal of pharmaceutical sciences review and research, 2012, vol. 17, no. 2, p. 97-100.
Senthil Kumar, B., Vijaya Kumar, J. GCMS analysis of bioactive constituents from cycas circinalis.L and Ionidium suffruticosum. Ging. International journal of pharmaceutical sciences review and research, 2014, vol. 28, no. 2, p. 197-201.
Kisby, Glen E., Ellison, Mike., Spencer, Peter S. Content of the neurotoxins cycasin (methylazoxymethanol beta-D-glucoside) and BMAA (beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine) in cycad flour prepared by Guam Chamorros. Neurology, 1992, p. 1336-1340.
Smith, David W. E. Mutagenicity of cycasin aglycon (methylazoxymethanol), a naturally occurring carcinogen. Science (Washington, DC, United States), 1966, p. 1273-1274.

Boundary

A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.

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