Botanical species · safety record

Cynara cardunculus

The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 5 constituent measurements and 4 genotoxicity assays for Cynara cardunculus. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.

Accepted name in source: Cynara cardunculus ssp. flavescens Wiklund

5Constituent measurements

4Safety records

7Cited sources

678Licensed products (Canada)

Also recorded as

Cynara scolymus L.

Synonyms are carried from the source compendium. A species may be traded and studied under more than one name, which is exactly how a safety record gets lost.

Regulatory presence

Health Canada's Licensed Natural Health Products Database holds 678 licensed products naming Cynara cardunculus as a medicinal ingredient, matched on the exact Latin binomial. A licence records that a product met the regulator's requirements for sale in Canada. It is not evidence that the product works.

Extract types on licence

Dry
Extract Type TBA
Fresh

Source material stated

Artichoke - Leaf
Cynara cardunculus
Cynara cardunculus - Leaf
Cynara scolymus - Leaf
Dried leaf
Flower buds
Herb
Leaf

What the records describe

Constituents measured

Plant parts

Preparations

Recorded constituents

What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.

Substance	Plant part	Preparation	Concentration	Analytical method	Source
Pentacyclic triterpene saponins	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry	Resolve DOI
Saponins	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Phytochemical screening	Resolve DOI
Sesquiterpene lactones	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry	Resolve DOI
Esculetin	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Unspecified	No resolvable identifier
Scopoletin	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Unspecified	No resolvable identifier

Genotoxicity testing

Outcomes of genotoxicity assays as recorded in the source. A negative assay is a result under those test conditions, not a clearance.

Outcome	Endpoint	Test	Tested organism	Metabolic activation	Source
Positive	—	single cell gel/comet assay in mammalian cells for detection of DNA damage	House mouse (as animal)	—	Resolve DOI
Positive	gene mutation	in vitro mammalian cell micronucleus test	Hamster (as animal)	—	Resolve DOI
Positive	DNA damage and/or repair	single cell gel/comet assay in mammalian cells for detection of DNA damage	Human (as organism)	—	Resolve DOI
Positive	gene mutation	bacterial gene mutation assay	Salmonella typhimurium (as organism)	—	Resolve DOI

Cited sources

The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.

Zan, Meriele A., Ferraz, Alexandre B. F., Richter, Marc F., Picada, Jaqueline N., de Andrade, Heloisa H. R., Lehmann, Mauricio., Dihl, Rafael R., Nunes, Emilene., Semedo, Juliane., Da Silva, Juliana. In Vivo Genotoxicity Evaluation of an Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) Aqueous Extract. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, 2013, vol. 78, no. 2, p. T367-T371. DOI
Hinou, J., Harvala, C., Philianos, S. Polyphenolic substances of Cynara scolymus L. leaves .. Annales pharmaceutiques francaises, 1989, vol. 47, no. 2, p. 95-8.
Jacociunas, Laura Vicedo., Rodrigues de Andrade, Heloisa Helena., Lehmann, Mauricio., Ribas de Abreu, Bianca Regina., Falcao Ferraz, Alexandre de Barros., da Silva, Juliana., Grivicich, Ivana., Dihl, Rafael Rodrigues. Artichoke induces genetic toxicity in the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) cytome assay. FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY, 2013, vol. 55, p. 56-59. DOI
da Silva, Regiane Pereira., Jacociunas, Laura Vicedo., de Carli, Raine Fogliati., Ribas de Abreu, Bianca Regina., Lehmann, Mauricio., da Silva, Juliana., Falcao Ferraz, Alexandre de Barros., Dihl, Rafael Rodrigues. Genotoxic and chemopreventive assessment of Cynara scolymus L. aqueous extract in a human-derived liver cell line . Drug and chemical toxicology, 2017, vol. 40, no. 4, p. 484-488. DOI
Miadokova, E., Nadova, S., Vickova, V., Duhova, V., Kopaskova, M., Cipak, L., Rauko, P., Mucaji, P., Grancai, D. Antigenotoxic effect of extract from Cynara cardunculus L. Phytotherapy research, 2008, vol. 22, no. 1, p. 77-81. DOI
Krizkova, L., Mucaji, P., Nagy, M., Krajcovic, J. Triterpenoid cynarasaponins from Cynara cardunculus L. reduce chemically induced mutagenesis in vitro. PHYTOMEDICINE, 2004, vol. 11, no. 7-8, p. 673-678. DOI
Rial, Carlos., Novaes, Paula., Varela, Rosa M., Molinillo, Jose M. G., Macias, Francisco A. Phytotoxicity of Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus) Allelochemicals on Standard Target Species and Weeds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY, 2014, vol. 62, no. 28, p. 6699-6706. DOI

Boundary

A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.

Continue

Independent literature