Botanical species · safety record

Cynoglossum officinale

The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 19 constituent measurements and 3 adverse-effect records for Cynoglossum officinale. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.

Accepted name in source: Cynoglossum officinale L.

19Constituent measurements

3Safety records

7Cited sources

0Licensed products (Canada)

Regulatory presence

No Health Canada licensed natural health product in the snapshot names this species as a medicinal ingredient under this exact binomial. Absence here means absence from this one register under this one name, not absence from trade, and not a safety verdict.

What the records describe

Constituents measured

Plant parts

Preparations

Effect types

Target tissues

Recorded constituents

What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.

Substance	Plant part	Preparation	Concentration	Analytical method	Source
Heliosupine	Leaves	Solvent extraction	236.9 Microgram/gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Heliosupine	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	287.3 Microgram/gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids	Leaves	Solvent extraction	≥ 224 Microgram/gram	LC-MS	Resolve DOI
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	0.71 Percent	GC-MS (Q)	Resolve DOI
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids	Flower	Solvent extraction	0.98 Percent	GC-MS (Q)	Resolve DOI
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids	Leaves	Solvent extraction	≤ 9466 Microgram/gram	LC-MS	Resolve DOI
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids	Roots and other underground parts	Solvent extraction	0.05 Percent	GC-MS (Q)	Resolve DOI
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids	Leaves	Solvent extraction	0.2 Percent	GC-MS (Q)	Resolve DOI
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	≥ 0.1 Percent	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	0.2 Percent	GC-MS (Q)	Resolve DOI
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids	Leaves	Solvent extraction	≤ 2.12 Percent	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids	Seed	Solvent extraction	1 Percent	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	≤ 1.29 Percent	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	18.55 Microgram/gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids	Leaves	Solvent extraction	5.48 Milligram/gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids	Flower	Solvent extraction	≤ 1.36 Percent	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids	Leaves	Solvent extraction	≥ 0.31 Percent	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids	Flower	Solvent extraction	≥ 0.12 Percent	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids	Aerial part of plants	—	≥ 1.6 Percent	Unspecified	No resolvable identifier

Recorded adverse effects

Adverse effects reported in the source literature, most often in animal or laboratory models at a stated preparation and dose.

Effect	Target tissue	Plant part	Preparation	Test organism	Test type	Source
Hepatotoxicity	Liver	Live plants	Solvent extraction	Horse (as animal)	Case report	No resolvable identifier
Hepatotoxicity	Liver	Aerial part of plants	Drying (dehydration)	Horse (as animal)	Short-term toxicity	No resolvable identifier
Hepatotoxicity	Liver	Live plants	Solvent extraction	Horse (as animal)	Case report	No resolvable identifier

Cited sources

The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.

van de Schans, M.G.M., Blokland, M.H., Zoontjes, P.W., Mulder, P.P.J., Nielen, M.W.F. Multiple heart-cutting two dimensional liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Journal of chromatography a, 2017, vol. 1503, p. 38-48. DOI
Mudge, Elizabeth M., Jones, A. Maxwell P., Brown, Paula N. Quantification of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in North American plants and honey by LC-MS: single laboratory validation . Food additives and contaminants part a-chemistry analysis control exposure & risk assessment, 2015, vol. 32, no. 12, p. 2068-2074. DOI
Stegelmeier, BL., Gardner, DR., James, LF., Molyneux, RJ. Pyrrole detection and the pathologic progression of Cynoglossum officinale (houndstongue) poisoning in horses . Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation, 1996, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 81-90.
KNIGHT, AP., KIMBERLING, CV., STERMITZ, FR., ROBY, MR. CYNOGLOSSUM-OFFICINALE (HOUNDS-TONGUE) - A CAUSE OF PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOID POISONING IN HORSES . Journal of the american veterinary medical association, 1984, vol. 185, no. 6, p. 647-650.
BAKER, DC., SMART, RA., RALPHS, M., MOLYNEUX, RJ. HOUNDS-TONGUE (CYNOGLOSSUM-OFFICINALE) POISONING IN A CALF. Journal of the american veterinary medical association, 1989, vol. 194, no. 7, p. 929-930.
ElShazly, A., Sarg, T., Ateya, A., Aziz, EA., Witte, L., Wink, M. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids of Cynoglossum officinale and Cynoglossum amabile (family Boraginaceae) . Biochemical systematics and ecology, 1996, vol. 24, no. 5, p. 415-421. DOI
PFISTER, JA., MOLYNEUX, RJ., BAKER, DC. PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOID CONTENT OF HOUNDSTONGUE (CYNOGLOSSUM-OFFICINALE L) . Journal of range management, 1992, vol. 45, no. 3, p. 254-256. DOI

Boundary

A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.

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Independent literature