Botanical species · safety record

Ephedra sinica

The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 26 constituent measurements and 2 adverse-effect records for Ephedra sinica. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.

Accepted name in source: Ephedra sinica Stapf

26Constituent measurements

2Safety records

3Cited sources

148Licensed products (Canada)

Regulatory presence

Health Canada's Licensed Natural Health Products Database holds 148 licensed products naming Ephedra sinica as a medicinal ingredient, matched on the exact Latin binomial. A licence records that a product met the regulator's requirements for sale in Canada. It is not evidence that the product works.

Extract types on licence

Dry
Extract Type TBA

Source material stated

Branch
Branch(es)
Branchlet
Ephedra sinica - Whole plant
Ephedra sinica stem
Herb
Herb(s)
Herbaceous stem

What the records describe

Constituents measured

Plant parts

Preparations

Effect types

Target tissues

Recorded constituents

What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.

Substance	Plant part	Preparation	Concentration	Analytical method	Source
(-)-cathinone	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	≤ 5 Microgram/gram	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
(-)-cathinone	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	≥ 1 Microgram/gram	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Alkaloids	Unspecified	Solvent extraction	0.65 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Alkaloids	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	≤ 23 Microgram/gram	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Alkaloids	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	≥ 8 Microgram/gram	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Alkaloids	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	≤ 625 Microgram/gram	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Alkaloids	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	≥ 1.5 Microgram/gram	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Alkaloids	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	≤ 187 Microgram/gram	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Alkaloids	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	≥ 0.4 Microgram/gram	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Alkaloids	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	≤ 98 Microgram/gram	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Ephedrine	Unspecified	Solvent extraction	0.41 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Ephedrine	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	≥ 191 Microgram/gram	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Ephedrine	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	≤ 4120 Microgram/gram	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Ephedrine	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	≤ 582 Microgram/gram	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Ephedrine	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	≥ 3 Microgram/gram	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Norephedrine	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	≤ 722 Microgram/gram	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Norephedrine	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	≥ 95 Microgram/gram	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Pseudoephedrine	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	≥ 3 Microgram/gram	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Pseudoephedrine	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	≤ 6344 Microgram/gram	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Pseudoephedrine	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	≥ 11 Microgram/gram	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Pseudoephedrine	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	≤ 2782 Microgram/gram	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Pseudoephedrine	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	≤ 62 Microgram/gram	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Pseudoephedrine	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	≥ 0.25 Microgram/gram	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Ephedrine	Unspecified	Solvent extraction	0.48 Percent	Capillary (Zone) Electrophoresis (CE or CZE)	No resolvable identifier
Norephedrine	Unspecified	Solvent extraction	0.04 Percent	Capillary (Zone) Electrophoresis (CE or CZE)	No resolvable identifier
Pseudoephedrine	Unspecified	Solvent extraction	0.23 Percent	Capillary (Zone) Electrophoresis (CE or CZE)	No resolvable identifier

Recorded adverse effects

Adverse effects reported in the source literature, most often in animal or laboratory models at a stated preparation and dose.

Effect	Target tissue	Plant part	Preparation	Test organism	Test type	Source
Endocrine	Uterus	—	—	Rat (as animal)	Short-term toxicity	Resolve DOI
Immunotoxicity	Glandular	Unspecified	Solvent extraction	Rat (as animal)	Acute toxicity	Resolve DOI

Cited sources

The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.

Krizevski, Raz., Bar, Einat., Shalit, Or., Sitrit, Yaron., Ben-Shabat, Shimon., Lewinsohn, Efraim. Composition and stereochemistry of ephedrine alkaloids accumulation in Ephedra sinica Stapf . Phytochemistry, 2010, vol. 71, no. 8-9, p. 895-903. DOI
Arbo, Marcelo Dutra., Franco, Marcia Toniolo., Larentis, Elisa Rupp., Garcia, Solange Cristina., Sebben, Viviane Cristina., Leal, Mirna Bainy., Dallegrave, Eliane., Limberger, Renata Pereira. Screening for in vivo (anti)estrogenic activity of ephedrine and p-synephrine and their natural sources Ephedra sinica Stapf. (Ephedraceae) and Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae) in rats . Archives of toxicology, 2009, vol. 83, no. 1, p. 95-99. DOI
Avula, B., Khan, I.A. Separation and Determination of Ephedrine Enantiomers and Synephrine by High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis in Dietary Supplements. Chromatographia, 2004, vol. 59, no. 1-2, p. 71-77.

Boundary

A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.

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Independent literature