Botanical species · safety record

Frangula alnus

The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 12 constituent measurements and 1 genotoxicity assay for Frangula alnus. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.

Accepted name in source: Frangula alnus Mill.

12Constituent measurements

1Safety records

4Cited sources

108Licensed products (Canada)

Also recorded as

Rhamnus frangula L.

Synonyms are carried from the source compendium. A species may be traded and studied under more than one name, which is exactly how a safety record gets lost.

Regulatory presence

Health Canada's Licensed Natural Health Products Database holds 108 licensed products naming Frangula alnus as a medicinal ingredient, matched on the exact Latin binomial. A licence records that a product met the regulator's requirements for sale in Canada. It is not evidence that the product works.

Extract types on licence

Source material stated

Aged bark
Bark
Bark (powder)
Branch bark
Frangula alnus - stem bark
Leaf
Plante entière
Root

What the records describe

Constituents measured

Plant parts

Preparations

Recorded constituents

What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.

Substance	Plant part	Preparation	Concentration	Analytical method	Source
Anthraquinones	Bark	Solvent extraction	—	HPLC-DAD	Resolve DOI
Chrysophanol	Bark	Solvent extraction	4.45 Percent	Unspecified	Resolve DOI
Chrysophanol	Bark	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Emodin	Bark	Solvent extraction	69.7 Percent	Unspecified	Resolve DOI
Emodin	Bark	Solvent extraction	—	HPLC-DAD	Resolve DOI
Emodin	Bark	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Glucofrangulin a	Bark	Solvent extraction	—	HPLC-DAD	Resolve DOI
Physcion	Bark	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Physcion	Bark	Solvent extraction	25.9 Percent	Unspecified	Resolve DOI
Rhein	Bark	Solvent extraction	—	HPLC-DAD	Resolve DOI
Alkaloids	Bark	Solvent extraction	—	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	No resolvable identifier
Quinoline alkaloids	Bark	Solvent extraction	—	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	No resolvable identifier

Genotoxicity testing

Outcomes of genotoxicity assays as recorded in the source. A negative assay is a result under those test conditions, not a clearance.

Outcome	Endpoint	Test	Tested organism	Metabolic activation	Source
Positive	DNA damage and/or repair	single cell gel/comet assay in mammalian cells for detection of DNA damage	Human (as organism)	No data	Resolve DOI

Cited sources

The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.

Nardin, Tiziana., Piasentier, Edi., Barnaba, Chiara., Larcher, Roberto. Alkaloid profiling of herbal drugs using high resolution mass spectrometry. Drug testing and analysis, 2017, p. Ahead of Print.
Goncalves, Renato Sonchini., Silva, Expedito Leite., Hioka, Noboru., Nakamura, Celso Vataru., Bruschi, Marcos Luciano., Caetano, Wilker. An optimized protocol for anthraquinones isolation from Rhamnus frangula L. . Natural product research, 2017, p. 1-4. DOI
Godard, Sophie., Slacanin, Ivan., Viret, Olivier., Gindro, Katia. Induction of defence mechanisms in grapevine leaves by emodin- and anthraquinone-rich plant extracts and their conferred resistance to downy mildew . Plant physiology and biochemistry, 2009, vol. 47, no. 9, p. 827-837. DOI
Brkanac, Sandra Radic., Genic, Marko., Gajski, Goran., Vujcic, Valerija., Garaj-Vrhovac, Vera., Kremer, Dario., Domijan, Ana-Marija. Toxicity and antioxidant capacity of Frangula alnus Mill. bark and its active component emodin . Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology, 2015, vol. 73, no. 3, p. 923-929. DOI

Boundary

A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.

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Independent literature