Botanical species · safety record

Frangula purshiana

The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 13 constituent measurements and 2 adverse-effect records for Frangula purshiana. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.

Accepted name in source: Frangula purshiana Cooper

13Constituent measurements

2Safety records

8Cited sources

334Licensed products (Canada)

Also recorded as

Rhamnus purshiana DC.

Synonyms are carried from the source compendium. A species may be traded and studied under more than one name, which is exactly how a safety record gets lost.

Regulatory presence

Health Canada's Licensed Natural Health Products Database holds 334 licensed products naming Frangula purshiana as a medicinal ingredient, matched on the exact Latin binomial. A licence records that a product met the regulator's requirements for sale in Canada. It is not evidence that the product works.

Extract types on licence

Dry
Extract Type TBA

Source material stated

Aged bark
Aged bark - standardized extract
Bark
Bark and buds
Bark of branches
Branch bark
Cascara sagrada - aged Bark
Dried bark

What the records describe

Constituents measured

Plant parts

Preparations

Effect types

Target tissues

Recorded constituents

What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.

Substance	Plant part	Preparation	Concentration	Analytical method	Source
Aloe-emodin	Bark	Solvent extraction	—	—	Resolve DOI
Anthraquinones	Bark	Solvent extraction	—	Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography)	Resolve DOI
Cascarosides	Bark	Solvent extraction	—	Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography)	Resolve DOI
Chrysophanol	Bark	Solvent extraction	—	—	Resolve DOI
Anthraquinones	Bark	Solvent extraction	≥ 0.84 Milligram/gram	Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry	No resolvable identifier
Anthraquinones	Bark	Solvent extraction	≤ 13.76 Milligram/gram	Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry	No resolvable identifier
Anthraquinones	Leaves	Solvent extraction	≥ 0.4 Milligram/gram	Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry	No resolvable identifier
Anthraquinones	Leaves	Solvent extraction	≤ 2.06 Milligram/gram	Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry	No resolvable identifier
Anthrone glycosides	Bark	Solvent extraction	—	Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography)	No resolvable identifier
Anthrone glycosides	Unspecified	Solvent extraction	—	Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography)	No resolvable identifier
Cascarosides	Bark	Solvent extraction	—	Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography)	No resolvable identifier
Emodin	Roots and other underground parts	Solvent extraction	1433.16 Microgram/gram	Capillary (Zone) Electrophoresis (CE or CZE)	No resolvable identifier
Emodin glucoside	Roots and other underground parts	Solvent extraction	606.45 Microgram/gram	Capillary (Zone) Electrophoresis (CE or CZE)	No resolvable identifier

Recorded adverse effects

Adverse effects reported in the source literature, most often in animal or laboratory models at a stated preparation and dose.

Effect	Target tissue	Plant part	Preparation	Test organism	Test type	Source
Hepatotoxicity	Liver	Unspecified	Drying (dehydration)	Human (as organism)	Short-term toxicity	No resolvable identifier
Hepatotoxicity	Liver	Unspecified	Drying (dehydration)	Human (as organism)	Case report	No resolvable identifier

Cited sources

The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.

Fairbairn, J. W., Simic, S. Vegetable purgatives containing anthracene derivatives. XI. The aloinlike substance of Rhamnus purshiana. Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 1960, vol. 12, Suppl. 45T-50T, p. discussion 50T-51T.
Fairbairn, J.W., Mital, V.K. VEGETABLE PURGATIVES CONTAINING ANTHRACENE DERIVATIVES: Part IX. An Aloin-like Substance in Rhamnus purshiana DC. Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 1958, vol. 10, no. 1 S, p. 217T-222T. DOI
Garcia-Cortes, M., Borraz, Y., Lucena, M. I., Pelaez, G., Salmeron, J., Diago, M., Martinez-Sierra, M. C., Navarro, J. M., Planas, R., Soria, M. J., Bruguera, M., Andrade, R. J. Liver injury induced by natural remedies: an analysis of cases submitted to the Spanish Liver Toxicity Registry . Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas, 2008, vol. 100, no. 11, p. 688-695.
Betts, T.J., Fairbairn, J.W., Mital, V.K. VEGETABLE PURGATIVES CONTAINING ANTHRACENE DERIVATIVES: Part VIII.--The Paper Chromatography of Certain Anthraquinones and their Glycosides. Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 1958, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 436-441. DOI
Betts, T. J., Fairbairn, J. W. Significance of anthracene derivatives to the living plant of Rhamnus purshiana. Planta medica, 1964, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 64-70.
Wagner, Hildebert., Demuth, Guenter. Investigations of the anthra glycosides from Rhamnus species, IV. The structure of the cascarosides from Rhamnus purshianus DC. Zeitschrift fuer naturforschung, teil b: anorganische chemie, organische chemie, 1976, vol. 31b, no. 2, p. 267-72.
Koyama, J., Morita, I., Kawanishi, K., Tagahara, K., Kobayashi, N. Capillary electrophoresis for simultaneous determination of emodin, chrysophanol, and their 8-beta-d-glucosides . Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 2003, vol. 51, no. 4, p. 418-420.
Demarque, Daniel P., Pinho, Danielle R., Callejon, Daniel R., de Oliveira, Gibson G., Silva, Denise B., Carollo, Carlos A., Lopes, Norberto P. New cascarosides from Rhamnus purshiana and fragmentation studies of the class by ion trap mass spectrometry . Rapid communications in mass spectrometry, 2017, vol. 31, no. 14, p. 1169-1174. DOI

Boundary

A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.

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Independent literature