Botanical species · safety record

Gymnanthemum amygdalinum

The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 14 constituent measurements and 1 adverse-effect record for Gymnanthemum amygdalinum. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.

Accepted name in source: Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile) Sch.Bip. ex Walp.

14Constituent measurements

1Safety records

8Cited sources

0Licensed products (Canada)

Also recorded as

Vernonia amygdalina Delile

Synonyms are carried from the source compendium. A species may be traded and studied under more than one name, which is exactly how a safety record gets lost.

Regulatory presence

No Health Canada licensed natural health product in the snapshot names this species as a medicinal ingredient under this exact binomial. Absence here means absence from this one register under this one name, not absence from trade, and not a safety verdict.

What the records describe

Constituents measured

Plant parts

Preparations

Effect types

Target tissues

Recorded constituents

What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.

Substance	Plant part	Preparation	Concentration	Analytical method	Source
Anthraquinones	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Phytochemical screening	Resolve DOI
Cardiac glycosides	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Phytochemical screening	Resolve DOI
Eugenol	Aerial part of plants	Essential oil	18.3 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Phlobotannins	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Phytochemical screening	Resolve DOI
Sesquiterpene lactones	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Steroidal saponins	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Tannins	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Phytochemical screening	Resolve DOI
Alkaloids	Leaves	Solvent extraction	16 Percent	Phytochemical screening	No resolvable identifier
Camphor	Live plants	Essential oil	1.5 Percent	GC-MS	No resolvable identifier
Hydrogen cyanide (cyanides expressed as hydrogen cyanide)	Leaves	—	162.34 Milligram/100 gram	Phytochemical screening	No resolvable identifier
Oxalates	Leaves	Solvent extraction	246.4 Milligram/100 gram	Phytochemical screening	No resolvable identifier
Phytic acid	Leaves	—	33.34 Milligram/100 gram	Phytochemical screening	No resolvable identifier
Saponins	Leaves	Solvent extraction	9 Percent	Phytochemical screening	No resolvable identifier
Tannins	Leaves	—	308.64 Milligram/100 gram	Phytochemical screening	No resolvable identifier

Recorded adverse effects

Adverse effects reported in the source literature, most often in animal or laboratory models at a stated preparation and dose.

Effect	Target tissue	Plant part	Preparation	Test organism	Test type	Source
Reproductive	Testes	Leaves	Solvent extraction	Rat (as animal)	Reproduction toxicity	Resolve DOI

Cited sources

The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.

Saalu, L.C., Akunna, G.G., Ajayi, J.O. Modulating role of bitter leaf on spermatogenic and steroidogenesis functions of the rat testis. American journal of biochemistry and molecular biology, 2013, vol. 3, no. 3, p. 314-321. DOI
Olanrewaju, Comfort A., Idris, Halima S., Okwute, Simon K., Olayanju, Segun. Phytochemical analysis and acute oral toxicity of aqueous extracts of Vernonia Amygdalina (delile) and Nauclea Latifolia (smith). International journal of current research, 2015, p. 11269-11273.
Wazis, C.H., Timothy, S.Y., Zakama, S.G., Balla, H.J., Maspalma, I.D. Phytochemical screening and purgative activity of ethanolic extracts of vernonia amygdalina del. Leaf. International journal of research in ayurveda and pharmacy, 2013, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 46-49. DOI
Ocheng, F., Bwanga, F., Joloba, M., Softrata, A., Azeem, M., P�tsep, K., Borg-Karlson, A.-K., Obua, C., Gustafsson, A. Essential Oils from Ugandan Aromatic Medicinal Plants: Chemical Composition and Growth Inhibitory Effects on Oral Pathogens. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine, 2015, vol. 2015. DOI
Ogunbinu, Akinola O., Flamini, Guido., Cioni, Pier L., Ogunwande, Isiaka A., Okeniyi, Sunday O. Essential Oil Constituents of Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. and Vernonia amygdalina Delile . Natural product communications, 2009, vol. 4, no. 3, p. 421-424.
Inyang Udousoro, I., Ekop, R.U., Johnson Udo, E. Effect of thermal processing on antinutrients in common edible green leafy vegetables grown in Ikot Abasi, Nigeria. Pakistan journal of nutrition, 2013, vol. 12, no. 2, p. 162-167.
Quasie, Olga., Zhang, Yang-Mei., Zhang, Hong-Jian., Luo, Jun., Kong, Ling-Yi. Four new steroid saponins with highly oxidized side chains from the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina . Phytochemistry letters, 2016, vol. 15, p. 16-20. DOI
Sinisi, A., Mill�n, E., Abay, S.M., Habluetzel, A., Appendino, G., Mu�oz, E., Taglialatela-Scafati, O. Poly-Electrophilic Sesquiterpene Lactones from Vernonia amygdalina: New Members and Differences in Their Mechanism of Thiol Trapping and in Bioactivity. Journal of natural products, 2015, vol. 78, no. 7, p. 1618-1623. DOI

Boundary

A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.

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