Botanical species · safety record
Heliotropium indicum
The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 29 constituent measurements and 7 adverse-effect records for Heliotropium indicum. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.
Accepted name in source: Heliotropium indicum L.
Regulatory presence
No Health Canada licensed natural health product in the snapshot names this species as a medicinal ingredient under this exact binomial. Absence here means absence from this one register under this one name, not absence from trade, and not a safety verdict.
What the records describe
Constituents measured
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloids12
- Saponins3
- Tannins3
- Alkaloids2
- Echinatine1
- Echinatine-n-oxide1
- Indicine1
- Indicine-n-oxide1
- Intermedine1
- Intermedine-n-oxide1
Plant parts
- Flower10
- Leaves9
- Aerial part of plants5
- Live plants4
- Roots and other underground parts2
- Stem2
- Unspecified2
- stalk2
- Bud1
- Fruit unspecified1
Preparations
- Solvent extraction33
- Drying (dehydration)1
- Fresh1
Effect types
- Systemic4
- Hepatotoxicity1
- Neurotoxicity1
- Reproductive1
Target tissues
- Liver4
- Testes1
Recorded constituents
What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.
| Substance | Plant part | Preparation | Concentration | Analytical method | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alkaloids | Leaves | Solvent extraction | — | Phytochemical screening | Resolve DOI |
| Echinatine | Flower | Solvent extraction | 116 Microgram/gram | HPLC with standard detection methods | Resolve DOI |
| Echinatine-n-oxide | Flower | Solvent extraction | 660 Microgram/gram | HPLC with standard detection methods | Resolve DOI |
| Indicine | Flower | Solvent extraction | 1025 Microgram/gram | HPLC with standard detection methods | Resolve DOI |
| Indicine-n-oxide | Flower | Solvent extraction | 19100 Microgram/gram | HPLC with standard detection methods | Resolve DOI |
| Intermedine | Flower | Solvent extraction | 104 Microgram/gram | HPLC with standard detection methods | Resolve DOI |
| Intermedine-n-oxide | Flower | Solvent extraction | 2973 Microgram/gram | HPLC with standard detection methods | Resolve DOI |
| Lycopsamine | Flower | Solvent extraction | 378 Microgram/gram | HPLC with standard detection methods | Resolve DOI |
| Lycopsamine-n-oxide | Flower | Solvent extraction | 8242 Microgram/gram | HPLC with standard detection methods | Resolve DOI |
| Pyrrolizidine alkaloids | Unspecified | — | — | Unspecified | Resolve DOI |
| Pyrrolizidine alkaloids | Bud | Solvent extraction | 11.3 Milligram/gram | HPLC with standard detection methods | Resolve DOI |
| Pyrrolizidine alkaloids | Flower | Solvent extraction | ≥ 5.2 Milligram/gram | HPLC with standard detection methods | Resolve DOI |
| Pyrrolizidine alkaloids | Fruit unspecified | Solvent extraction | 3.5 Milligram/gram | HPLC with standard detection methods | Resolve DOI |
| Pyrrolizidine alkaloids | Leaves | Solvent extraction | ≥ 0.4 Milligram/gram | HPLC with standard detection methods | Resolve DOI |
| Pyrrolizidine alkaloids | Leaves | Solvent extraction | ≤ 2.1 Milligram/gram | HPLC with standard detection methods | Resolve DOI |
| Pyrrolizidine alkaloids | Roots and other underground parts | Solvent extraction | ≥ 4.7 Milligram/gram | HPLC with standard detection methods | Resolve DOI |
| Pyrrolizidine alkaloids | Roots and other underground parts | Solvent extraction | ≤ 4.9 Milligram/gram | HPLC with standard detection methods | Resolve DOI |
| Pyrrolizidine alkaloids | Stem / stalk | Solvent extraction | ≥ 0.1 Milligram/gram | HPLC with standard detection methods | Resolve DOI |
| Pyrrolizidine alkaloids | Stem / stalk | Solvent extraction | ≤ 1.4 Milligram/gram | HPLC with standard detection methods | Resolve DOI |
| Pyrrolizidine alkaloids | Flower | Solvent extraction | ≤ 15.2 Milligram/gram | HPLC with standard detection methods | Resolve DOI |
| Saponins | Live plants | Solvent extraction | — | Phytochemical screening | Resolve DOI |
| Tannins | Live plants | Solvent extraction | — | Phytochemical screening | Resolve DOI |
| Alkaloids | Leaves | Solvent extraction | 860 Milligram/100 gram | Unspecified | No resolvable identifier |
| Isoquinoline alkaloids | Leaves | Solvent extraction | — | — | No resolvable identifier |
| Pyrrolizidine alkaloids | Aerial part of plants | Solvent extraction | — | Phytochemical screening | No resolvable identifier |
| Saponins | Aerial part of plants | Solvent extraction | — | Phytochemical screening | No resolvable identifier |
| Saponins | Leaves | Solvent extraction | 518.46 Milligram/100 gram | Unspecified | No resolvable identifier |
| Tannins | Aerial part of plants | Solvent extraction | — | Phytochemical screening | No resolvable identifier |
| Tannins | Leaves | Solvent extraction | 112.3 Milligram/100 gram | Unspecified | No resolvable identifier |
Recorded adverse effects
Adverse effects reported in the source literature, most often in animal or laboratory models at a stated preparation and dose.
| Effect | Target tissue | Plant part | Preparation | Test organism | Test type | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systemic | Liver | Live plants | Solvent extraction | Rat (as animal) | Short-term toxicity | Resolve DOI |
| Systemic | Liver | Aerial part of plants | Solvent extraction | Rat (as animal) | Short-term toxicity | Resolve DOI |
| Hepatotoxicity | Liver | Live plants | Drying (dehydration) | Rat (as animal) | Subchronic | No resolvable identifier |
| Neurotoxicity | Liver | Aerial part of plants | Fresh | Horse (as animal) | Case report | No resolvable identifier |
| Reproductive | Testes | Leaves | Solvent extraction | Rat (as animal) | Chronic/long term toxicity | No resolvable identifier |
| Systemic | — | Leaves | Solvent extraction | House mouse (as animal) | Acute toxicity | No resolvable identifier |
| Systemic | — | Unspecified | Solvent extraction | House mouse (as animal) | Acute toxicity | No resolvable identifier |
Cited sources
The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.
- Kyei, S., Koffuor, G.A., Ramkissoon, P., Asante, D.-B. Oral and ocular safety profile of whole plant aqueous extract of Heliotropium indicum L. In rodents. Research journal of medicinal plant, 2015, vol. 9, no. 7, p. 321-330. DOI
- Zhou, Jue., Ouedraogo, Moustapha., Qu, Fan., Duez, Pierre. Potential Genotoxicity of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plants and Phytochemicals: An Overview. PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH, 2013, vol. 27, no. 12, p. 1745-1755. DOI
- Biradi, Mahesh., Hullatti, Kirankumar. Screening of Indian medicinal plants for cytotoxic activity by brine shrimp lethality (BSL) assay and evaluation of their total phenolic content. Drug development and therapeutics, 2014, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 139-144.
- van de Schans, M.G.M., Blokland, M.H., Zoontjes, P.W., Mulder, P.P.J., Nielen, M.W.F. Multiple heart-cutting two dimensional liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Journal of chromatography a, 2017, vol. 1503, p. 38-48. DOI
- Dolui, A. K., Debnath, Manabendra., De, B., Kumar, Atul. Reproductive activities of Heliotropium indicum isolate against Helopeltis theivora and toxicity evaluation in mice . Journal of environmental biology, 2012, vol. 33, no. 3, p. 603-607.
- van Weeren, PR., Morales, JA., Rodriguez, LL., Cedeno, H., Villalobos, J., Poveda, LJ. Mortality supposedly due to intoxication by pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Heliotropium indicum in a horse population in Costa Rica: A case report . Veterinary quarterly, 1999, vol. 21, no. 2, p. 59-62.
- Afolabi, F., Afolabi, O. J. Phytochemical constituents of some medicinal plants in South West, Nigeria. Iosr journal of applied chemistry, 2013, vol. 4, no. 1), 76-7, p. 3 pp.
- Owolabi, M A., Oribayo, O O., Ukpo, G E., Mbaka, G O., Akindehin, O E. A 5-month toxicity study of the ethanol extract of the leaves of Heliotropium indicum in Sprague Dawley rats after oral administration. . Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine, 2015, vol. 25, no. 3, p. 184-92.
- Schoental, Regina. Toxicology and carcinogenic action of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Cancer research, 1968, vol. 28, no. 11, p. 2237-46.
- Boye, A., Koffuor, G. A., Amoateng, P., Ameyaw, E. O., Abaitey, A. K. Analgesic Activity and Safety Assessment of Heliotropium indicum Linn. (Boraginaceae) in Rodents . International journal of pharmacology, 2012, vol. 8, no. 2, p. 91-100. DOI
- Froelich, Cordula., Ober, Dietrich., Hartmann, Thomas. Tissue distribution, core blosynthesis and diversification of pyrrolizidine alkaloids of the lycopsamine type in three Boraginaceae species . Phytochemistry, 2007, vol. 68, no. 7, p. 1026-1037. DOI
Boundary
A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.
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