Botanical species · safety record

Holarrhena pubescens

The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 25 constituent measurements and 7 adverse-effect records for Holarrhena pubescens. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.

Accepted name in source: Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don

25Constituent measurements
7Safety records
14Cited sources
12Licensed products (Canada)

Also recorded as

Synonyms are carried from the source compendium. A species may be traded and studied under more than one name, which is exactly how a safety record gets lost.

Regulatory presence

Health Canada's Licensed Natural Health Products Database holds 12 licensed products naming Holarrhena pubescens as a medicinal ingredient, matched on the exact Latin binomial. A licence records that a product met the regulator's requirements for sale in Canada. It is not evidence that the product works.

Extract types on licence

  • Dry

Source material stated

  • Aged bark
  • New material
  • Seed
  • Stem bark

What the records describe

Constituents measured

  • Conessin8
  • Steroidal alkaloids4
  • Alkaloids2
  • Isoconessimine2
  • Saponins2
  • Tannins2
  • Alpha-solanine1
  • Cardiac glycosides1
  • Kurchessine1
  • Pregnane derivatives1

Plant parts

  • Leaves8
  • Stem8
  • stalk8
  • Bark7
  • Seed6
  • Live plants2
  • Roots and other underground parts1

Preparations

  • Solvent extraction32

Effect types

  • Neurotoxicity4
  • Systemic2
  • Digestive1

Target tissues

  • Brain2
  • Neurologic2
  • Neurologic: central nervous system2
  • Digestive1

Recorded constituents

What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.

SubstancePlant partPreparationConcentrationAnalytical methodSource
AlkaloidsLeavesSolvent extraction—Phytochemical screeningResolve DOI
Cardiac glycosidesLeavesSolvent extraction—Phytochemical screeningResolve DOI
ConessinSeedSolvent extraction—Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)Resolve DOI
ConessinStem / stalkSolvent extraction—Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)Resolve DOI
IsoconessimineSeedSolvent extraction—Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)Resolve DOI
IsoconessimineStem / stalkSolvent extraction—Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)Resolve DOI
KurchessineStem / stalkSolvent extraction—Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)Resolve DOI
Pregnane derivativesBarkSolvent extraction—Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)Resolve DOI
SaponinsLeavesSolvent extraction—Phytochemical screeningResolve DOI
SaponinsSeedSolvent extraction—Phytochemical screeningResolve DOI
Steroidal alkaloidsSeedSolvent extraction—Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)Resolve DOI
Steroidal alkaloidsStem / stalkSolvent extraction—Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)Resolve DOI
TanninsLeavesSolvent extraction—Phytochemical screeningResolve DOI
TanninsSeedSolvent extraction—Phytochemical screeningResolve DOI
AlkaloidsStem / stalkSolvent extraction—Phytochemical screeningNo resolvable identifier
Alpha-solanineLive plantsSolvent extraction——No resolvable identifier
ConessinBarkSolvent extraction< 0.29 Percent/volumeGaschromatography (GC)No resolvable identifier
ConessinLeavesSolvent extraction0.05 PercentGelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)No resolvable identifier
ConessinLeavesSolvent extraction0.31 PercentGelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)No resolvable identifier
ConessinRoots and other underground partsSolvent extraction0.48 PercentGelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)No resolvable identifier
ConessinBarkSolvent extraction0.51 PercentGelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)No resolvable identifier
ConessinBarkSolvent extraction1.065 PercentHigh Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)No resolvable identifier
SolanidineLive plantsSolvent extraction——No resolvable identifier
Steroidal alkaloidsBarkSolvent extraction—Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)No resolvable identifier
Steroidal alkaloidsStem / stalkSolvent extraction—Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography)No resolvable identifier

Recorded adverse effects

Adverse effects reported in the source literature, most often in animal or laboratory models at a stated preparation and dose.

EffectTarget tissuePlant partPreparationTest organismTest typeSource
DigestiveDigestiveSeedSolvent extraction—In vitroResolve DOI
NeurotoxicityNeurologic: central nervous systemBarkSolvent extractionHouse mouse (as animal)Short-term toxicityResolve DOI
NeurotoxicityNeurologic: central nervous systemBarkSolvent extractionHouse mouse (as animal)Short-term toxicityResolve DOI
NeurotoxicityNeurologicLeavesSolvent extractionHouse mouse (as animal)OtherResolve DOI
NeurotoxicityNeurologicLeavesSolvent extractionHouse mouse (as animal)OtherResolve DOI
SystemicBrainStem / stalkSolvent extractionHouse mouse (as animal)Acute toxicityNo resolvable identifier
SystemicBrainStem / stalkSolvent extractionHouse mouse (as animal)Acute toxicityNo resolvable identifier

Cited sources

The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.

  1. Ali, Kazi Monjur., Chatterjee, Kausik., De, Debasis., Jana, Kishalay., Bera, Tushar Kanti., Ghosh, Debidas. Inhibitory effect of hydro-methanolic extract of seed of Holarrhena antidysenterica on alpha-glucosidase activity and postprandial blood glucose level in normoglycemic rat. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2011, vol. 135, no. 1, p. 194-196. DOI
  2. Nahar, U. J., Bhuiyan, M. M. R., Samsudduzah, A. N. M., Uddin, M. R., Maryam, Z. PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, CYTOTOXIC AND CNS DEPRESSANT ACTIVITIES OF HOLARRHENA ANTIDYSENTERICA LEAVES AND SEEDS. International journal of pharmaceutical sciences and research, 2015, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 620-623. DOI
  3. Namasudra, S., Phukan, P., Bawari, M. Evaluation of neurotoxicity of the ethanolic bark extract of holarrhena pubescens wall. Ex g.don in mice. International journal of pharmaceutical research, 2020, vol. 12, no. 4, p. 36-48. DOI
  4. Singh, Rajendra Kumar. Pre-clinical toxicity studies of Holarrhena antidysentrica stem bark in mice and rats. World journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences, 2018, vol. 7, no. 4, p. 912-922.
  5. Prochazka, Zelimir., Labler, Ludvik., Kotasek, Zdenek. Steroids. XIII. Paper chromatography of steroid amines. Collection of czechoslovak chemical communications, 1954, vol. 19, p. 1258-63.
  6. Houghton, PJ., Diogo, MLD. The conessine content of Holarrhena pubescens from Malawi. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY, 1996, vol. 34, no. 4, p. 305-307.
  7. Das, Kuntal., Dang, Raman. Influence of demographic location and solvent extraction on pharmacognostical assessment and identification of conessine content in different parts of Holarrhena antidysentrica through HPTLC analysis. Chaos, 2017, vol. 27, no. 6, p. 427-435.
  8. Manika, N., Gupta, Vivek K., Verma, Ram K., Darokar, Mahendra P., Pandey, Nalini., Bagchi, Gurudas. Extraction efficacy, antibacterial potential and validation of RP-HPLC coupled with diode array detection in Holarrhena pubescens. International journal of pharmaceutical sciences and research, 2013, p. 3020-3027.
  9. SIDDIQUI, BS., USMANI, SB., BEGUM, S., SIDDIQUI, S., AFTAB, K., GILANI, AUH. HYPOTENSIVE CONSTITUENTS FROM THE BARK OF HOLARRHENA-PUBESCENS (HOLARRHENA-ANTIDYSENTERICA). HETEROCYCLES, 1995, vol. 41, no. 2, p. 267-276.
  10. Siddiqui, BS., Usmani, SB., Ali, ST., Begum, S., Rizwani, GH. Further constituents from the bark of Holarrhena pubescens. PHYTOCHEMISTRY, 2001, vol. 58, no. 8, p. 1199-1204. DOI
  11. Yang, Zhong-Duo., Duan, Dong-Zhu., Xue, Wei-Wei., Yao, Xiao-Jun., Li, Shuo. Steroidal alkaloids from Holarrhena antidysenterica as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and the investigation for structure-activity relationships. Life sciences, 2012, vol. 90, no. 23-24, p. 929-933. DOI
  12. Kumar, Neeraj., Singh, Bikram., Bhandari, Pamita., Gupta, Ajai Prakash., Kaul, Vijay Kumar. Steroidal alkaloids from Holarrhena antidysenterica (L.) WALL. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 2007, vol. 55, no. 6, p. 912-914. DOI
  13. Kumar, S., Yadav, A. Comparative study of hypoglycemic effect of holarrhena antidysenterica seeds and glibenclamide in experimentally induced diabetes mellitus in albino rats. Biomedical and pharmacology journal, 2015, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 477-483. DOI
  14. Bhutani, K. K., Ali, M., Sharma, S. R., Vaid, R. M., Gupta, D. K. Investigations of medicinal plants. Part 10. Three new steroidal alkaloids from the bark of Holarrhena antidysenterica. Phytochemistry, 1988, vol. 27, no. 3, p. 925-8.

Boundary

A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.

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