Botanical species · safety record

Holarrhena pubescens

The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 25 constituent measurements and 7 adverse-effect records for Holarrhena pubescens. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.

Accepted name in source: Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don

25Constituent measurements

7Safety records

14Cited sources

12Licensed products (Canada)

Also recorded as

Holarrhena antidysenterica (G.Don) Wall. ex A.DC.

Synonyms are carried from the source compendium. A species may be traded and studied under more than one name, which is exactly how a safety record gets lost.

Regulatory presence

Health Canada's Licensed Natural Health Products Database holds 12 licensed products naming Holarrhena pubescens as a medicinal ingredient, matched on the exact Latin binomial. A licence records that a product met the regulator's requirements for sale in Canada. It is not evidence that the product works.

Extract types on licence

Source material stated

Aged bark
New material
Seed
Stem bark

What the records describe

Constituents measured

Plant parts

Preparations

Effect types

Target tissues

Recorded constituents

What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.

Substance	Plant part	Preparation	Concentration	Analytical method	Source
Alkaloids	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Phytochemical screening	Resolve DOI
Cardiac glycosides	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Phytochemical screening	Resolve DOI
Conessin	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Conessin	Seed	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Isoconessimine	Seed	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Isoconessimine	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Kurchessine	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Pregnane derivatives	Bark	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Saponins	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Phytochemical screening	Resolve DOI
Saponins	Seed	Solvent extraction	—	Phytochemical screening	Resolve DOI
Steroidal alkaloids	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Steroidal alkaloids	Seed	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Tannins	Seed	Solvent extraction	—	Phytochemical screening	Resolve DOI
Tannins	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Phytochemical screening	Resolve DOI
Alkaloids	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	—	Phytochemical screening	No resolvable identifier
Alpha-solanine	Live plants	Solvent extraction	—	—	No resolvable identifier
Conessin	Roots and other underground parts	Solvent extraction	0.48 Percent	Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)	No resolvable identifier
Conessin	Leaves	Solvent extraction	0.05 Percent	Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)	No resolvable identifier
Conessin	Leaves	Solvent extraction	0.31 Percent	Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)	No resolvable identifier
Conessin	Bark	Solvent extraction	1.065 Percent	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	No resolvable identifier
Conessin	Bark	Solvent extraction	0.51 Percent	Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)	No resolvable identifier
Conessin	Bark	Solvent extraction	< 0.29 Percent/volume	Gaschromatography (GC)	No resolvable identifier
Solanidine	Live plants	Solvent extraction	—	—	No resolvable identifier
Steroidal alkaloids	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	—	Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography)	No resolvable identifier
Steroidal alkaloids	Bark	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	No resolvable identifier

Recorded adverse effects

Adverse effects reported in the source literature, most often in animal or laboratory models at a stated preparation and dose.

Effect	Target tissue	Plant part	Preparation	Test organism	Test type	Source
Digestive	Digestive	Seed	Solvent extraction	—	In vitro	Resolve DOI
Neurotoxicity	Neurologic	Leaves	Solvent extraction	House mouse (as animal)	Other	Resolve DOI
Neurotoxicity	Neurologic	Leaves	Solvent extraction	House mouse (as animal)	Other	Resolve DOI
Neurotoxicity	Neurologic: central nervous system	Bark	Solvent extraction	House mouse (as animal)	Short-term toxicity	Resolve DOI
Neurotoxicity	Neurologic: central nervous system	Bark	Solvent extraction	House mouse (as animal)	Short-term toxicity	Resolve DOI
Systemic	Brain	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	House mouse (as animal)	Acute toxicity	No resolvable identifier
Systemic	Brain	Stem / stalk	Solvent extraction	House mouse (as animal)	Acute toxicity	No resolvable identifier

Cited sources

The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.

Prochazka, Zelimir., Labler, Ludvik., Kotasek, Zdenek. Steroids. XIII. Paper chromatography of steroid amines. Collection of czechoslovak chemical communications, 1954, vol. 19, p. 1258-63.
Yang, Zhong-Duo., Duan, Dong-Zhu., Xue, Wei-Wei., Yao, Xiao-Jun., Li, Shuo. Steroidal alkaloids from Holarrhena antidysenterica as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and the investigation for structure-activity relationships. Life sciences, 2012, vol. 90, no. 23-24, p. 929-933. DOI
Kumar, Neeraj., Singh, Bikram., Bhandari, Pamita., Gupta, Ajai Prakash., Kaul, Vijay Kumar. Steroidal alkaloids from Holarrhena antidysenterica (L.) WALL. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 2007, vol. 55, no. 6, p. 912-914. DOI
Das, Kuntal., Dang, Raman. Influence of demographic location and solvent extraction on pharmacognostical assessment and identification of conessine content in different parts of Holarrhena antidysentrica through HPTLC analysis. Chaos, 2017, vol. 27, no. 6, p. 427-435.
Manika, N., Gupta, Vivek K., Verma, Ram K., Darokar, Mahendra P., Pandey, Nalini., Bagchi, Gurudas. Extraction efficacy, antibacterial potential and validation of RP-HPLC coupled with diode array detection in Holarrhena pubescens. International journal of pharmaceutical sciences and research, 2013, p. 3020-3027.
Houghton, PJ., Diogo, MLD. The conessine content of Holarrhena pubescens from Malawi. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY, 1996, vol. 34, no. 4, p. 305-307.
Nahar, U. J., Bhuiyan, M. M. R., Samsudduzah, A. N. M., Uddin, M. R., Maryam, Z. PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, CYTOTOXIC AND CNS DEPRESSANT ACTIVITIES OF HOLARRHENA ANTIDYSENTERICA LEAVES AND SEEDS. International journal of pharmaceutical sciences and research, 2015, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 620-623. DOI
Singh, Rajendra Kumar. Pre-clinical toxicity studies of Holarrhena antidysentrica stem bark in mice and rats. World journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences, 2018, vol. 7, no. 4, p. 912-922.
Namasudra, S., Phukan, P., Bawari, M. Evaluation of neurotoxicity of the ethanolic bark extract of holarrhena pubescens wall. Ex g.don in mice. International journal of pharmaceutical research, 2020, vol. 12, no. 4, p. 36-48. DOI
Ali, Kazi Monjur., Chatterjee, Kausik., De, Debasis., Jana, Kishalay., Bera, Tushar Kanti., Ghosh, Debidas. Inhibitory effect of hydro-methanolic extract of seed of Holarrhena antidysenterica on alpha-glucosidase activity and postprandial blood glucose level in normoglycemic rat. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2011, vol. 135, no. 1, p. 194-196. DOI
Bhutani, K. K., Ali, M., Sharma, S. R., Vaid, R. M., Gupta, D. K. Investigations of medicinal plants. Part 10. Three new steroidal alkaloids from the bark of Holarrhena antidysenterica. Phytochemistry, 1988, vol. 27, no. 3, p. 925-8.
SIDDIQUI, BS., USMANI, SB., BEGUM, S., SIDDIQUI, S., AFTAB, K., GILANI, AUH. HYPOTENSIVE CONSTITUENTS FROM THE BARK OF HOLARRHENA-PUBESCENS (HOLARRHENA-ANTIDYSENTERICA). HETEROCYCLES, 1995, vol. 41, no. 2, p. 267-276.
Kumar, S., Yadav, A. Comparative study of hypoglycemic effect of holarrhena antidysenterica seeds and glibenclamide in experimentally induced diabetes mellitus in albino rats. Biomedical and pharmacology journal, 2015, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 477-483. DOI
Siddiqui, BS., Usmani, SB., Ali, ST., Begum, S., Rizwani, GH. Further constituents from the bark of Holarrhena pubescens. PHYTOCHEMISTRY, 2001, vol. 58, no. 8, p. 1199-1204. DOI

Boundary

A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.

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