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Botanical species · safety record

Ilex aquifolium

The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 4 constituent measurements for Ilex aquifolium. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.

Accepted name in source: Ilex aquifolium L.

4Constituent measurements
0Safety records
2Cited sources
30Licensed products (Canada)

Regulatory presence

Health Canada's Licensed Natural Health Products Database holds 30 licensed products naming Ilex aquifolium as a medicinal ingredient, matched on the exact Latin binomial. A licence records that a product met the regulator's requirements for sale in Canada. It is not evidence that the product works.

Extract types on licence

  • Dry

Source material stated

  • Flowering twigs
  • Jeunes pousses
  • Leaf
  • Rameau en fleur
  • Twigs in blossom
  • Young leafy twigs with ripe berries
  • Young shoots

What the records describe

Constituents measured

  • Theobromine3
  • Cyanogenic glycosides1

Plant parts

  • Fruit peel1
  • Fruit unspecified1
  • Leaves1
  • Stem1
  • stalk1

Preparations

  • Solvent extraction1

Recorded constituents

What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.

SubstancePlant partPreparationConcentrationAnalytical methodSource
Cyanogenic glycosidesFruit unspecifiedSolvent extraction—Phytochemical screeningResolve DOI
TheobromineLeaves—0.45 Percent—No resolvable identifier
TheobromineFruit peel—0.23 Percent—No resolvable identifier
TheobromineStem / stalk—0.4 Percent—No resolvable identifier

Cited sources

The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.

  1. Bohinc, Pavle. Determination of theobromine in Ilex aquifolium. Farmacevtski vestnik (ljubljana, slovenia), 1967, vol. 18(1-4), p. 9-20.
  2. BARNEA, A., HARBORNE, JB., PANNELL, C. WHAT PARTS OF FLESHY FRUITS CONTAIN SECONDARY COMPOUNDS TOXIC TO BIRDS AND WHY. BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY, 1993, vol. 21, no. 4, p. 421-429. DOI

Boundary

A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.

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