Botanical species · safety record

Laurus nobilis

The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 85 constituent measurements and 1 genotoxicity assay for Laurus nobilis. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.

Accepted name in source: Laurus nobilis L.

85Constituent measurements

1Safety records

19Cited sources

28Licensed products (Canada)

Regulatory presence

Health Canada's Licensed Natural Health Products Database holds 28 licensed products naming Laurus nobilis as a medicinal ingredient, matched on the exact Latin binomial. A licence records that a product met the regulator's requirements for sale in Canada. It is not evidence that the product works.

Source material stated

Leaf
Leaf/Leaves

What the records describe

Constituents measured

Plant parts

Preparations

Recorded constituents

What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.

Substance	Plant part	Preparation	Concentration	Analytical method	Source
1,8-cineole	Bud	Solvent extraction	16.8 Percent	GC-FID-MS	Resolve DOI
1,8-cineole	Flower	Essential oil	15.7 Percent	GC-FID-MS	Resolve DOI
1,8-cineole	Flower	Solvent extraction	8.8 Percent	GC-FID-MS	Resolve DOI
1,8-cineole	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	9.5 Percent	GC-FID-MS	Resolve DOI
1,8-cineole	Leaves	Essential oil	≥ 38.96 Percent	GC-FID-MS	Resolve DOI
1,8-cineole	Leaves	Essential oil	≥ 55.82 Percent	GC-FID-MS	Resolve DOI
1,8-cineole	Leaves	Essential oil	≤ 40.93 Percent	GC-FID-MS	Resolve DOI
1,8-cineole	Leaves	Essential oil	≤ 62.14 Percent	GC-FID-MS	Resolve DOI
1,8-cineole	Leaves	Essential oil	58.59 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
1,8-cineole	Leaves	Essential oil	54.71 Percent/volume	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
1,8-cineole	Leaves	Essential oil	45.1 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
1,8-cineole	Leaves	Essential oil	44 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
1,8-cineole	Leaves	Solvent extraction	≤ 32.1 Percent	GC-FID-MS	Resolve DOI
1,8-cineole	Leaves	Solvent extraction	≥ 24.2 Percent	GC-FID-MS	Resolve DOI
1,8-cineole	Leaves	Essential oil	25.5 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
1,8-cineole	Stem / stalk	Essential oil	≤ 28.27 Percent	GC-FID-MS	Resolve DOI
1,8-cineole	Leaves	Solvent extraction	≥ 9.5 Microgram/gram	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
1,8-cineole	Leaves	Solvent extraction	≤ 10.3 Microgram/gram	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
1,8-cineole	Seed	Solvent extraction	7.9 Percent Area	GC-FID-MS	Resolve DOI
1,8-cineole	Shoot	Essential oil	≤ 46 Percent	GC-FID-MS	Resolve DOI
1,8-cineole	Shoot	Essential oil	≥ 36.19 Percent	GC-FID-MS	Resolve DOI
1,8-cineole	Stem / stalk	Essential oil	≥ 18.8 Percent	GC-FID-MS	Resolve DOI
Costunolide	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Coumaric acid esters	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	GC-FID-MS	Resolve DOI
Dehydrocostus lactone	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Dehydrocostus lactone	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Elemicin	Seed	Solvent extraction	2.3 Percent Area	GC-FID-MS	Resolve DOI
Eugenol	Bud	Solvent extraction	0.3 Percent	GC-FID-MS	Resolve DOI
Eugenol	Flower	Essential oil	1.16 Percent	GC-FID-MS	Resolve DOI
Eugenol	Leaves	Essential oil	≥ 0.08 Percent	GC-FID-MS	Resolve DOI
Eugenol	Leaves	Essential oil	≥ 1.1 Percent	GC-FID-MS	Resolve DOI
Eugenol	Leaves	Essential oil	≤ 1.28 Percent	GC-FID-MS	Resolve DOI
Eugenol	Leaves	Essential oil	≤ 5.19 Percent	GC-FID-MS	Resolve DOI
Eugenol	Leaves	Essential oil	1.7 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Eugenol	Leaves	Essential oil	2.61 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Eugenol	Leaves	Solvent extraction	≥ 0.1 Percent	GC-FID-MS	Resolve DOI
Eugenol	Leaves	Solvent extraction	≤ 1.6 Percent	GC-FID-MS	Resolve DOI
Eugenol	Stem / stalk	Essential oil	≤ 3.61 Percent	GC-FID-MS	Resolve DOI
Eugenol	Leaves	Solvent extraction	≥ 0.75 Microgram/gram	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Eugenol	Leaves	Solvent extraction	≤ 1.21 Microgram/gram	GC-MS	Resolve DOI

40 of 85 records are shown, ordered so that records carrying a resolvable reference come first.

Genotoxicity testing

Outcomes of genotoxicity assays as recorded in the source. A negative assay is a result under those test conditions, not a clearance.

Outcome	Endpoint	Test	Tested organism	Metabolic activation	Source
Positive	gene mutation	mammalian cell gene mutation assay	Human (as organism)	No data	No resolvable identifier

Cited sources

The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.

Barla, Asli., Topcu, Gulacti., Oksuz, Sevil., Tumen, Gulendam., Kingston, David G. I. Identification of cytotoxic sesquiterpenes from Laurus nobilis L.. Food chemistry, 2007, vol. 104, no. 4, p. 1478-1484. DOI
Kilic, A., Hafizoglu, H., Kollmannsberger, H., Nitz, S. Volatile constituents and key odorants in leaves, buds, flowers, and fruits of Laurus nobilis L. . Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2004, vol. 52, no. 6, p. 1601-1606. DOI
Kovacevic, N. N., Simic, M. D., Ristic, M. S. Essential oil of Laurus nobilis from Montenegro. Chemistry of natural compounds, 2007, vol. 43, no. 4, p. 408-411. DOI
Loizzo, Monica Rosa., Tundis, Rosa., Menichini, Federica., Saab, Antoine Mikael., Stati, Giancarlo Antonio., Menichini, Francesco. Cytotoxic activity of essential oils from Labiatae and Lauraceae families against in vitro human tumor models . Anticancer research, 2007, vol. 27, no. 5A, p. 3293-3299.
Macchioni, F., Perrucci, S., Cioni, P., Morelli, L., Castilho, P., Cecchi, F. Composition and acaricidal activity of Laurus novocanariensis and Laurus nobilis essential oils against Psoroptes cuniculi . Journal of essential oil research, 2006, vol. 18, no. 1, p. 111-114.
Tayoub, Ghaleb., Odeh, Adnan., Ghanem, Iyad. Chemical composition and fumigation toxicity of Laurus nobilis L. and Salvia officinalis L. essential oils on larvae of khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium Everts). Herba polonica, 2012, vol. 58, no. 2, p. 26-37.
Sellami, Ibtissem Hamrouni., Wannes, Wissem Aidi., Bettaieb, Iness., Berrima, Sarra., Chahed, Thouraya., Marzouk, Brahim., Limam, Ferid. Qualitative and quantitative changes in the essential oil of Laurus nobilis L. leaves as affected by different drying methods . Food chemistry, 2011, vol. 126, no. 2, p. 691-697. DOI
Yalcin, Hasan., Akin, Mehtap., Sanda, Murat Aydin., Cakir, Ahmet. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of Laurus nobilis essential oil composition of Northern Cyprus . Journal of medicinal food, 2007, vol. 10, no. 4, p. 715-719. DOI
Isikber, AA., Alma, MH., Kanat, M., Karci, A. Fumigant toxicity of essential oils from Laurus nobilis and Rosmarinus officinalis against all life stages of Tribolium confusum . Phytoparasitica, 2006, vol. 34, no. 2, p. 167-177. DOI
Karaborklu, Salih., Ayvaz, Abdurrahman., Yilmaz, Semih., Akbulut, Mikail. Chemical Composition and Fumigant Toxicity of Some Essential Oils Against Ephestia kuehniella . Journal of economic entomology, 2011, vol. 104, no. 4, p. 1212-1219. DOI
Mezzoug, Nadya., Idaomar, Mohamed., Baudoux, Dominique., Debauche, Pascal., Liemans, Veronique., Zhiri, Abdesselam. Genotoxicity of some essential oils frequently used in aromatherapy. Advances in bioscience and biotechnology, 2016, vol. 7, no. 2, p. 63-73.
Traboulsi, AF., El-Haj, S., Tueni, M., Taoubi, K., Nader, NA., Mrad, A. Repellency and toxicity of aromatic plant extracts against the mosquito Culex pipiens molestus (Diptera : Culicidae) . Pest management science, 2005, vol. 61, no. 6, p. 597-604. DOI
Yoshikawa, M., Shimoda, H., Uemura, T., Morikawa, T., Kawahara, Y., Matsuda, H. Alcohol absorption inhibitors from bay leaf (Laurus nobilis): Structure-requirements of sesquiterpenes for the activity . Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 2000, vol. 8, no. 8, p. 2071-2077. DOI
Saab, Antoine M., Guerrini, Alessandra., Zeino, Maen., Wiench, Benjamin., Rossi, Damiano., Gambari, Roberto., Sacchetti, Gianni., Greten, Henry Johannes., Efferth, Thomas. Laurus nobilis L. Seed Extract Reveals Collateral Sensitivity in Multidrug-Resistant P-Glycoprotein-Expressing Tumor Cells . Nutrition and cancer-an international journal, 2015, vol. 67, no. 4, p. 664-675. DOI
Ebrahimi, Mohammad., Safaralizade, Mohammad Hasan., Valizadegan, Oroj. Contact toxicity of Azadirachta indica (Adr. Juss.), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehn.) and Laurus nobilis (L.) essential oils on mortality cotton aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hem.: Aphididae) . Archives of phytopathology and plant protection, 2013, vol. 46, no. 18, p. 2153-2162. DOI
Perez, R. A., Navarro, T., de Lorenzo, C. HS-SPME analysis of the volatile compounds from spices as a source of flavour in 'Campo Real' table olive preparations . Flavour and fragrance journal, 2007, vol. 22, no. 4, p. 265-273. DOI
Uchiyama, N., Matsunaga, K., Kiuchi, F., Honda, G., Tsubouchi, A., Nakajima-Shimada, J., Aoki, T. Trypanocidal terpenoids from Laurus nobilis L.. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 2002, vol. 50, no. 11, p. 1514-1516. DOI
Tuylu, B. Genotoxicity on essential oils of Origanum onites L., Laurus nobilis L. and Salvia fraticosa in cultured human lymphocytes . Febs journal, 2014, vol. 281, p. 706-706.
Samejima, K., Kanazawa, K., Ashida, H., Danno, G. Bay laurel contains antimutagenic kaempferyl coumarate acting against the dietary carcinogen 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido 4,3-b indole (Trp-P-2) . Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 1998, vol. 46, no. 12, p. 4864-4868. DOI

Boundary

A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.

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