Botanical species · safety record

Mandragora officinarum

The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 19 constituent measurements and 3 adverse-effect records for Mandragora officinarum. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.

Accepted name in source: Mandragora officinarum L.

19Constituent measurements

3Safety records

8Cited sources

22Licensed products (Canada)

Regulatory presence

Health Canada's Licensed Natural Health Products Database holds 22 licensed products naming Mandragora officinarum as a medicinal ingredient, matched on the exact Latin binomial. A licence records that a product met the regulator's requirements for sale in Canada. It is not evidence that the product works.

Source material stated

Dried root(s)
New material
Root

What the records describe

Constituents measured

Plant parts

Preparations

Effect types

Target tissues

Recorded constituents

What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.

Substance	Plant part	Preparation	Concentration	Analytical method	Source
Alkaloids	Roots and other underground parts	Solvent extraction	—	Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography)	Resolve DOI
Angelicin	Unspecified	Solvent extraction	—	Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography)	Resolve DOI
Apoatropine	Roots and other underground parts	Solvent extraction	—	Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography)	Resolve DOI
Atropine	Roots and other underground parts	Solvent extraction	—	Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography)	Resolve DOI
Calystegine a	—	Solvent extraction	—	Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography)	Resolve DOI
Calystegine b	—	Solvent extraction	—	Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography)	Resolve DOI
Cinnamyl alcohol	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	1.93 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Coumarins	Unspecified	Solvent extraction	—	Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography)	Resolve DOI
Cuscohygrine	Roots and other underground parts	Solvent extraction	—	Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography)	Resolve DOI
Eugenol	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	2.37 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Eugenol	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	2.37 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Hyoscyamine	Fruit unspecified	—	25.6 Microgram/gram	GC-MS (Q)	Resolve DOI
Isoeugenol	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	1.63 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Isoeugenol	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	1.63 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Scopine	Roots and other underground parts	Solvent extraction	—	Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography)	Resolve DOI
Scopolamine	Fruit unspecified	—	0.7 Microgram/gram	GC-MS (Q)	Resolve DOI
Tropane alkaloids	Roots and other underground parts	—	≥ 0.2 Percent	—	Resolve DOI
Tropane alkaloids	Roots and other underground parts	—	≤ 0.6 Percent	—	Resolve DOI
Withanolides	Live plants	Solvent extraction	—	Standard Chromatographic tests (paper- thin layer- and column chromatography)	Resolve DOI

Recorded adverse effects

Adverse effects reported in the source literature, most often in animal or laboratory models at a stated preparation and dose.

Effect	Target tissue	Plant part	Preparation	Test organism	Test type	Source
Neurotoxicity	Neurologic: central nervous system	Fruit unspecified	—	Human (as organism)	Case report	Resolve DOI
Neurotoxicity	Neurologic: central nervous system	Fruit unspecified	—	Human (as organism)	Case report	Resolve DOI
Not stated	Heart	—	—	Human (as organism)	Case report	Resolve DOI

Cited sources

The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.

Nikolaou, Panagiota., Papoutsis, Ioannis., Stefanidou, Maria., Dona, Artemis., Maravelias, Constantinos., Spiliopoulou, Chara., Athanaselis, Sotirios. ACCIDENTAL POISONING AFTER INGESTION OF APHRODISIAC BERRIES: DIAGNOSIS BY ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY . Journal of emergency medicine, 2012, vol. 42, no. 6, p. 662-665. DOI
Hanus, LO., Rezanka, T., Spizek, J., Dembitsky, VM. Substances isolated from Mandragora species. Phytochemistry, 2005, vol. 66, no. 20, p. 2408-2417. DOI
Fleisher, Z., Fleisher, A. The odoriferous principles of mandrake, Mandragora officinarum L.: Aromatic plants of the holy land and the Sinai. Part IX. Journal of essential oil research, 1992, vol. 4, no. 2, p. 187-188. DOI
Drager, B., vanAlmsick, A., Mrachatz, G. Distribution of calystegines in several Solanaceae. Planta medica, 1995, vol. 61, no. 6, p. 577-579. DOI
Tsiligianni, Ioanna G., Vasilopoulos, Theodoros K., Papadokostakis, Polyvios K., Arseni, Georgia K., Eleni, Astrinaki., Lionis, Christos D. A two cases clinical report of mandragora poisoning in primary care in Crete, Greece: two case report. . Cases journal, 2009, vol. 2, p. 9331-9331. DOI
FLEISHER, A., FLEISHER, Z. THE FRAGRANCE OF BIBLICAL MANDRAKE. Economic botany, 1994, vol. 48, no. 3, p. 243-251. DOI
Liersch, R. Mandragora - Portrait of a medicinal plant Mandragora - Portr�t einer arzneipflanze . Zeitschrift fur phytotherapie, 2006, vol. 27, no. 2, p. 98-102. DOI
Suleiman, Rami K., Abu Zarga, Musa., Sabri, Salim S. New withanolides from Mandragora officinarum: First report of withanolides from the Genus Mandragora . Fitoterapia, 2010, vol. 81, no. 7, p. 864-868. DOI

Boundary

A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.

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Independent literature