Botanical species · safety record
Peganum harmala
The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 52 constituent measurements and 2 adverse-effect records for Peganum harmala. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.
Accepted name in source: Peganum harmala L.
52Constituent measurements
2Safety records
9Cited sources
0Licensed products (Canada)
Regulatory presence
No Health Canada licensed natural health product in the snapshot names this species as a medicinal ingredient under this exact binomial. Absence here means absence from this one register under this one name, not absence from trade, and not a safety verdict.
What the records describe
Constituents measured
- Peganine13
- Harmaline10
- Harmol10
- Harmalol7
- Harmine7
- Carboline alkaloids2
- Alkaloids1
- Tannins1
- Vasicinone1
Plant parts
- Seed31
- Fruit unspecified6
- Roots and other underground parts6
- Stem5
- stalk5
- Flower2
- Leaves2
- Live plants2
Preparations
- Solvent extraction36
Effect types
- Nephrotoxicity1
- Neurotoxicity1
Target tissues
- Neurologic: central nervous system1
- Urogenital: kidneys1
Recorded constituents
What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.
| Substance | Plant part | Preparation | Concentration | Analytical method | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carboline alkaloids | Seed | Solvent extraction | 8.631 Percent | GC-MS | Resolve DOI |
| Harmaline | Seed | — | ≤ 58.28 Milligram/gram | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Harmaline | Seed | Solvent extraction | ≤ 491.507 Microgram/millilitre | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Harmaline | Fruit unspecified | — | ≥ 4.53 Milligram/gram | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Harmaline | Fruit unspecified | — | ≤ 4.57 Milligram/gram | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Harmaline | Seed | Solvent extraction | 48.009 Percent | GC-MS | Resolve DOI |
| Harmaline | Seed | Solvent extraction | ≥ 51 Microgram/millilitre | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Harmaline | Seed | Solvent extraction | ≤ 55 Microgram/millilitre | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Harmaline | Seed | Solvent extraction | 12 Milligram/millilitre | LC-MS | Resolve DOI |
| Harmaline | Seed | Solvent extraction | ≥ 486.481 Microgram/millilitre | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Harmaline | Seed | — | ≥ 53.72 Milligram/gram | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Harmalol | Roots and other underground parts | — | ≥ 1.6 Milligram/gram | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Harmalol | Fruit unspecified | — | ≥ 3.03 Milligram/gram | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Harmalol | Fruit unspecified | — | ≤ 5.31 Milligram/gram | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Harmalol | Roots and other underground parts | — | ≤ 2.46 Milligram/gram | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Harmalol | Seed | — | ≥ 5.64 Milligram/gram | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Harmalol | Seed | — | ≤ 6.42 Milligram/gram | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Harmalol | Stem / stalk | — | ≤ 0.18 Milligram/gram | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Harmine | Seed | Solvent extraction | 38.44 Percent | GC-MS | Resolve DOI |
| Harmine | Seed | Solvent extraction | ≥ 23.9 Microgram/millilitre | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Harmine | Seed | Solvent extraction | ≤ 24.7 Microgram/millilitre | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Harmine | Seed | Solvent extraction | 7.2 Milligram/millilitre | LC-MS | Resolve DOI |
| Harmine | Seed | Solvent extraction | ≥ 379.712 Microgram/millilitre | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Harmine | Seed | Solvent extraction | ≤ 381.88 Microgram/millilitre | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Harmol | Roots and other underground parts | — | ≥ 11.9 Milligram/gram | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Harmol | Roots and other underground parts | — | ≤ 16.3 Milligram/gram | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Harmol | Seed | Solvent extraction | ≥ 15.7 Microgram/millilitre | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Harmol | Stem / stalk | — | ≤ 0.19 Milligram/gram | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Harmol | Stem / stalk | — | ≥ 0.01 Milligram/gram | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Harmol | Seed | — | ≤ 0.037 Milligram/gram | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Harmol | Seed | — | ≥ 0.023 Milligram/gram | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Harmol | Seed | Solvent extraction | ≤ 875.439 Microgram/millilitre | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Harmol | Seed | Solvent extraction | ≥ 874.511 Microgram/millilitre | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Harmol | Seed | Solvent extraction | ≤ 17.1 Microgram/millilitre | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | Resolve DOI |
| Peganine | Stem / stalk | Solvent extraction | ≥ 0.7 Milligram/gram | Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) | Resolve DOI |
| Peganine | Stem / stalk | Solvent extraction | ≤ 1.7 Milligram/gram | Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) | Resolve DOI |
| Peganine | Seed | Solvent extraction | ≤ 11.3 Milligram/gram | Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) | Resolve DOI |
| Peganine | Seed | Solvent extraction | ≥ 7.9 Milligram/gram | Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) | Resolve DOI |
| Peganine | Roots and other underground parts | Solvent extraction | ≤ 2.8 Milligram/gram | Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) | Resolve DOI |
| Peganine | Roots and other underground parts | Solvent extraction | ≥ 1.8 Milligram/gram | Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) | Resolve DOI |
40 of 52 records are shown, ordered so that records carrying a resolvable reference come first.
Recorded adverse effects
Adverse effects reported in the source literature, most often in animal or laboratory models at a stated preparation and dose.
| Effect | Target tissue | Plant part | Preparation | Test organism | Test type | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nephrotoxicity | Urogenital: kidneys | Seed | — | — | Case report | Resolve DOI |
| Neurotoxicity | Neurologic: central nervous system | Seed | Solvent extraction | — | Case report | Resolve DOI |
Cited sources
The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.
- Herraiz, T., Gonzalez, D., Ancin-Azpilicueta, C., Aran, V. J., Guillen, H. beta-Carboline alkaloids in Peganum harmala and inhibition of human monoamine oxidase (MAO) . Food and chemical toxicology, 2010, vol. 48, no. 3, p. 839-845. DOI
- Sassoui, D., Seridi, R., Azin, K., Usai, M. Evaluation of phytochemical constituents by GC-MS and antidepressant activity of Peganum harmala L. seeds extract. Asian pacific journal of tropical disease, 2015, vol. 5, no. 12, p. 971-974. DOI
- Tascon, Marcos., Benavente, Fernando., Vizioli, Nora M., Gagliardi, Leonardo G. A rapid and simple method for the determination of psychoactive alkaloids by CE-UV: application to Peganum Harmala seed infusions . Drug testing and analysis, 2017, vol. 9, no. 4, p. 596-602. DOI
- Frison, Giampietro., Favretto, Donata., Zancanaro, Flavio., Fazzin, Giorgio., Ferrara, Santo Davide. A case of beta-carboline alkaloid intoxication following ingestion of Peganum harmala seed extract. . Forensic science international, 2008, vol. 179, no. 2-3, p. e37-43. DOI
- Kartal, M., Altun, ML., Kurucu, S. HPLC method for the analysis of harmol, harmalol, harmine and harmaline in the seeds of Peganum harmala L. . Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 2003, vol. 31, no. 2, p. 263-269. DOI
- Lamchouri, Fatima., Zemzami, Mustapha., Jossang, Akino., Settaf, Abdellatif., Israili, Zafar H., Lyoussi, Badiaa. Cytotoxicity of alkaloids isolated from Peganum harmala seeds. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2013, vol. 26, no. 4, p. 699-706.
- Herraiz, Tomas., Guillen, Hugo., Aran, Vicente J., Salgado, Antonio. Identification, occurrence and activity of quinazoline alkaloids in Peganum harmala . Food and chemical toxicology, 2017, vol. 103, p. 261-269. DOI
- Benbott, A., Bahri, L., Boubendir, A., Yahia, A. Study of the chemical components of Peganum harmala and evaluation of acute toxicityof alkaloids extracted in the Wistar albino mice. Journal of materials and environmental science, 2013, vol. 4, no. 4, p. 558-565.
- Berdai, Mohamed Adnane., Labib, Smael., Harandou, Mustapha. Peganum harmala L. Intoxication in a Pregnant Woman.. Case reports in emergency medicine, 2014, vol. 2014, p. 783236-783236. DOI
Boundary
A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.
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