Botanical species · safety record

Persea americana

The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 1 constituent measurement, 11 adverse-effect records and 1 genotoxicity assay for Persea americana. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.

Accepted name in source: Persea americana Mill.

1Constituent measurements

12Safety records

10Cited sources

62Licensed products (Canada)

Also recorded as

Persea gratissima C.F.Gaertn.

Synonyms are carried from the source compendium. A species may be traded and studied under more than one name, which is exactly how a safety record gets lost.

Regulatory presence

Health Canada's Licensed Natural Health Products Database holds 62 licensed products naming Persea americana as a medicinal ingredient, matched on the exact Latin binomial. A licence records that a product met the regulator's requirements for sale in Canada. It is not evidence that the product works.

Extract types on licence

Source material stated

Fruit
Persea americana - fruit
Seed
Whole fruit including seed
Whole plant

What the records describe

Constituents measured

Plant parts

Preparations

Effect types

Target tissues

Recorded constituents

What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.

Substance	Plant part	Preparation	Concentration	Analytical method	Source
Estragole	Unspecified	—	—	Unspecified	Resolve DOI

Recorded adverse effects

Adverse effects reported in the source literature, most often in animal or laboratory models at a stated preparation and dose.

Effect	Target tissue	Plant part	Preparation	Test organism	Test type	Source
Pulmonary and cardiac	Liver	Leaves	—	Rabbit (as animal)	Case report	Resolve DOI
Reproductive	Urogenital	Seed	Solvent extraction	House mouse (as animal)	Reproduction toxicity	Resolve DOI
Hepatotoxicity	Heart	Leaves	—	Rabbit (as animal)	Case report	No resolvable identifier
None	—	Seed	Solvent extraction	Rat (as animal)	Short-term toxicity	No resolvable identifier
None	—	Seed	Solvent extraction	Rat (as animal)	Short-term toxicity	No resolvable identifier
Pulmonary and cardiac	Heart	Leaves	—	Bird (as animal)	Short-term toxicity	No resolvable identifier
Pulmonary and cardiac	Heart	Leaves	—	Bird (as animal)	Case report	No resolvable identifier
Pulmonary and cardiac	Blood coagulation	Leaves	—	Goat (as animal)	Case report	No resolvable identifier
Pulmonary and cardiac	Heart	Leaves	—	Bird (as animal)	Short-term toxicity	No resolvable identifier
Pulmonary and cardiac	Heart	—	—	Dog (as animal)	Case report	No resolvable identifier
Pulmonary and cardiac	Heart	Aerial part of plants	—	Horse (as animal)	Not reported	No resolvable identifier

Genotoxicity testing

Outcomes of genotoxicity assays as recorded in the source. A negative assay is a result under those test conditions, not a clearance.

Outcome	Endpoint	Test	Tested organism	Metabolic activation	Source
Positive	chromosome aberration	in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test	Human (as organism)	No data	Resolve DOI

Cited sources

The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.

Aguirre, Laura S., Sandoval, Gabriela V., Medina, Diego M., Martinez, Olga G., Micheloud, Juan F. Acute heart failure in rabbits by avocado leaf poisoning. Toxicon, 2019, vol. 164, p. 16-19. DOI
BURGER, WP., NAUDE, TW., VANRENSBURG, IBJ., BOTHA, CJ., PIENAAR, ACE. CARDIOMYOPATHY IN OSTRICHES (STRUTHIO-CAMELUS) DUE TO AVOCADO (PERSEA-AMERICANA VAR GUATEMALENSIS) INTOXICATION. Journal of the south african veterinary association-tydskrif van die suid-afrikaanse veterinere vereniging, 1994, vol. 65, no. 3, p. 113-118.
Ayub Ali, M., Victoria Chanu, K., Ramdas Singh, W., Ayub Shah, M.A., Leishangthem, G.D. Biochemical and pathological changes associated with avocado leaves poisoning in rabbits - A case report. International journal of research in pharmaceutical sciences, 2010, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 225-228.
STADLER, P., VANRENSBURG, IBJ., NAUDE, TW. SUSPECTED AVOCADO (PERSEA-AMERICANA) POISONING IN GOATS. Journal of the south african veterinary association-tydskrif van die suid-afrikaanse veterinere vereniging, 1991, vol. 62, no. 4, p. 186-188.
Ozolua, Raymond I., Anaka, Ogochukwu N., Okpo, Stephen O., Idogun, Sylvester E. ACUTE AND SUB-ACUTE TOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AQUEOUS SEED EXTRACT OF PERSEA AMERICANA MILL (LAURACEAE) IN RATS. African journal of traditional complementary and alternative medicines, 2009, vol. 6, no. 4, p. 573-578.
Benavides, V., Trujillo, G., D'arrigo, G., Paredes, U., Pino, J. Preliminar toxicological assessment of ruta graveolens, origanum vulgare and persea americana on the preimplantational mouse embryos Evaluaci�n toxicologica preliminar de ruta graveolens, origanum vulgarey persea americana sobre embriones preimplantacionales de raton. Revista peruana de biologia, 2000, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 86-88. DOI
Botha, CJ., Naude, TW. Plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of importance in horses in southern Africa . Journal of the south african veterinary association-tydskrif van die suid-afrikaanse veterinere vereniging, 2002, vol. 73, no. 3, p. 91-97.
Handl, S., Iben, C. Foodstuffs toxic to small animals - a review. Wiener tierarztliche monatsschrift, 2008, vol. 95, no. 9-10, p. 235-242.
Kulkarni, Paresh., Paul, Rajkumar., Ganesh, N. In vitro Evaluation of Genotoxicity of Avocado (Persea americana) Fruit and Leaf Extracts in Human Peripheral Lymphocytes. Journal of environmental science and health part c-environmental carcinogenesis & ecotoxicology reviews, 2010, vol. 28, no. 3, p. 172-187. DOI
Prinsloo, G., Nogemane, N., Street, R. The use of plants containing genotoxic carcinogens as foods and medicine. Food and chemical toxicology, 2018, vol. 116, p. 27-39. DOI

Boundary

A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.

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