Botanical species · safety record

Peumus boldus

The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 28 constituent measurements and 3 adverse-effect records for Peumus boldus. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.

Accepted name in source: Peumus boldus Molina

28Constituent measurements

3Safety records

10Cited sources

170Licensed products (Canada)

Regulatory presence

Health Canada's Licensed Natural Health Products Database holds 170 licensed products naming Peumus boldus as a medicinal ingredient, matched on the exact Latin binomial. A licence records that a product met the regulator's requirements for sale in Canada. It is not evidence that the product works.

Extract types on licence

Dry
Extract Type TBA
fluid

Source material stated

Dried leaf
Dried leaves
Leaf
Leaf extract
Leaf/Leaves
Leaves
boldo leaf
peumus boldus - leaf

What the records describe

Constituents measured

Plant parts

Preparations

Effect types

Target tissues

Recorded constituents

What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.

Substance	Plant part	Preparation	Concentration	Analytical method	Source
1,8-cineole	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
1,8-cineole	Leaves	Essential oil	14.45 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
1,8-cineole	Leaves	Essential oil	14.85 Percent	Gaschromatography (GC)	Resolve DOI
3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid	Leaves	Solvent extraction	167.1 Milligram/litre	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Aporphine alkaloids	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Ascaridol	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Ascaridol	Leaves	Essential oil	51.17 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Ascaridol	Leaves	Essential oil	24.37 Percent	Gaschromatography (GC)	Resolve DOI
Boldine	Unspecified	—	—	Unspecified	Resolve DOI
Boldine	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Boldine	Leaves	Solvent extraction	199.8 Milligram/litre	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Boldine	Bark	Solvent extraction	—	Chromatographic tests	Resolve DOI
Coclaurine	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Isoboldine	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)	Resolve DOI
Isocorydine	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Isoquinoline alkaloids	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Methyleugenol	Leaves	Essential oil	1.2 Percent	GC-MS	Resolve DOI
Myrcene	Leaves	Essential oil	2 Percent	Gaschromatography (GC)	Resolve DOI
N-methylcoclaurine	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Norisocorydine	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
P-coumaric acid	Leaves	Solvent extraction	10.4 Milligram/litre	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Pronuciferine	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Reticuline	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Gelpermeation, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)	Resolve DOI
Reticuline	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Safrole	Leaves	Essential oil	1.45 Percent	Gaschromatography (GC)	Resolve DOI
Biogenic amines	Unspecified	Solvent extraction	—	Mass Spectroscopy and hyphenated methods without chromatography	No resolvable identifier
Isoquinoline alkaloids	Unspecified	Solvent extraction	—	Mass Spectroscopy and hyphenated methods without chromatography	No resolvable identifier
Quinoline alkaloids	Unspecified	Solvent extraction	—	Mass Spectroscopy and hyphenated methods without chromatography	No resolvable identifier

Recorded adverse effects

Adverse effects reported in the source literature, most often in animal or laboratory models at a stated preparation and dose.

Effect	Target tissue	Plant part	Preparation	Test organism	Test type	Source
Developmental	—	Leaves	Solvent extraction	Rat (as animal)	Reproduction toxicity	Resolve DOI
Digestive	Liver	Leaves	Solvent extraction	Rat (as animal)	Chronic/long term toxicity	Resolve DOI
Hepatotoxicity	Liver	Leaves	—	Human (as organism)	Case report	Resolve DOI

Cited sources

The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.

Ribeiro, R.J., Silvestre, C., Duarte, C. Hidden Risks of Alternative Medicines: A Case of Boldo-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Journal of dietary supplements, 2017, vol. 14, no. 2, p. 186-190. DOI
MORENO, PRH., VARGAS, VMF., ANDRADE, HHR., HENRIQUES, AT., HENRIQUES, JAP. GENOTOXICITY OF THE BOLDINE APORPHINE ALKALOID IN PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC ORGANISMS . Mutation research, 1991, vol. 260, no. 2, p. 145-152. DOI
Bakiri, Ali., Hubert, Jane., Reynaud, Romain., Lanthony, Sylvie., Harakat, Dominique., Renault, Jean-Hugues., Nuzillard, Jean-Marc. Computer-Aided C-13 NMR Chemical Profiling of Crude Natural Extracts without Fractionation . Journal of natural products, 2017, vol. 80, no. 5, p. 1387-1396. DOI
Bianchini, Matheus Chimelo., Alves Gularte, Claudia Ortiz., Escoto, Dandara Fidelis., Pereira, Geovana., Gayer, Mateus Cristofari., Roehrs, Rafael., Antunes Soares, Felix Alexandre., Puntel, Robson L. Peumus boldus (Boldo) Aqueous Extract Present Better Protective Effect than Boldine Against Manganese-Induced Toxicity in D-melanogaster . Neurochemical research, 2016, vol. 41, no. 10, p. 2699-2707. DOI
Asencio, M., Hurtado-Guzm�n, C., L�pez, J.J., Cassels, B.K., Protais, P., Chagraoui, A. Structure-affinity relationships of halogenated predicentrine and glaucine derivatives at D1 and D2 dopaminergic receptors: Halogenation and D1 receptor selectivity. Bioorganic and medicinal chemistry, 2005, vol. 13, no. 11, p. 3699-3704. DOI
Nardin, Tiziana., Piasentier, Edi., Barnaba, Chiara., Larcher, Roberto. Alkaloid profiling of herbal drugs using high resolution mass spectrometry. Drug testing and analysis, 2017, p. Ahead of Print.
Verdeguer, Mercedes., Garcia-Rellan, David., Boira, Herminio., Perez, Eduardo., Gandolfo, Sandra., Amparo Blazquez, Maria. Herbicidal Activity of Peumus boldus and Drimys winterii Essential Oils from Chile . Molecules, 2011, vol. 16, no. 1, p. 403-411. DOI
Herrera-Rodriguez, Carmen., Ramirez-Mendoza, Carolina., Becerra-Morales, Itzel., Silva-Aguayo, Gonzalo., Urbina-Parra, Angelica., Figueroa-Cares, Ines., Martinez-Bolanos, Luciano., Concepcion Rodriguez-Maciel, J., Lagunes-Tejeda, Angel., Pastene-Navarrete, Edgar., Bustamante-Salazar, Luis. Bioactivity of Peumus boldus Molina, Laurelia sempervirens (Ruiz & Pav.) Tul. and Laureliopsis philippiana (Looser) Schodde (Monimiacea) essential oils against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky . Chilean journal of agricultural research, 2015, vol. 75, no. 3, p. 334-340. DOI
Almeida, E R., Melo, A M., Xavier, H. Toxicological evaluation of the hydro-alcohol extract of the dry leaves of Peumus boldus and boldine in rats. . Phytotherapy research : ptr, 2000, vol. 14, no. 2, p. 99-102. DOI
HUGHES, DW., GENEST, K., SKAKUM, W. ALKALOIDS OF PEUMUS BOLDUS . ISOLATION OF (+) RETICULINE AND ISOBOLDINE. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 1968, vol. 57, no. 6, p. 1023-&. DOI

Boundary

A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.

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