Botanical species · safety record

Podophyllum peltatum

The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 30 constituent measurements and 4 adverse-effect records for Podophyllum peltatum. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.

Accepted name in source: Podophyllum peltatum L.

30Constituent measurements

4Safety records

10Cited sources

72Licensed products (Canada)

Regulatory presence

Health Canada's Licensed Natural Health Products Database holds 72 licensed products naming Podophyllum peltatum as a medicinal ingredient, matched on the exact Latin binomial. A licence records that a product met the regulator's requirements for sale in Canada. It is not evidence that the product works.

Source material stated

Dried rhizome
Fresh underground parts after ripering of the fruits
Fresh underground parts collected after fruits have ripened
Fresh underground parts collected after the fruit have ripened
New material
Resin
Rhizome
Rhizome and root(s)

What the records describe

Constituents measured

Plant parts

Preparations

Effect types

Target tissues

Recorded constituents

What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.

Substance	Plant part	Preparation	Concentration	Analytical method	Source
Beta-peltatin a	Unspecified	Solvent extraction	—	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Beta-peltatin a	Leaves	Drying (dehydration)	≥ 0.28 Milligram/gram	Unspecified	Resolve DOI
Beta-peltatin a	Leaves	Drying (dehydration)	≤ 2.89 Milligram/gram	Unspecified	Resolve DOI
Lignans	Leaves	Drying (dehydration)	≥ 2.5 Milligram/gram	Unspecified	Resolve DOI
Lignans	Leaves	Drying (dehydration)	≤ 9.45 Milligram/gram	Unspecified	Resolve DOI
Lignans	Unspecified	Solvent extraction	—	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Lignans, total	Leaves	Drying (dehydration)	≥ 5.37 Milligram/gram	Unspecified	Resolve DOI
Lignans, total	Leaves	Drying (dehydration)	≤ 18.05 Milligram/gram	Unspecified	Resolve DOI
Peltatin a	Unspecified	Solvent extraction	—	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Podophyllotoxin	Leaves	Drying (dehydration)	≤ 9.28 Milligram/gram	Unspecified	Resolve DOI
Podophyllotoxin	Leaves	Drying (dehydration)	≥ 0.75 Milligram/gram	Unspecified	Resolve DOI
Podophyllotoxin	Roots and other underground parts used as staple food	Solvent extraction	≥ 3.65 Milligram/gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Podophyllotoxin	Roots and other underground parts used as staple food	Solvent extraction	≤ 14.72 Milligram/gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Podophyllotoxin	Unspecified	Solvent extraction	—	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Podophyllotoxin	Leaves	Solvent extraction	≥ 0.59 Milligram/gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Podophyllotoxin	Roots and other underground parts used as staple food	Solvent extraction	≤ 3.62 Milligram/gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Podophyllotoxin	Roots and other underground parts used as staple food	Solvent extraction	≥ 0.75 Milligram/gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Podophyllotoxin	Leaves	Solvent extraction	≤ 30.83 Milligram/gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Podophyllotoxin	Leaves	Solvent extraction	≥ 4.14 Milligram/gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Podophyllotoxin	Leaves	Solvent extraction	≤ 55.86 Milligram/gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Beta-peltatin a	Leaves	—	≥ 0.24 Milligram/gram	Unspecified	No resolvable identifier
Beta-peltatin a	Leaves	—	≤ 0.48 Milligram/gram	Unspecified	No resolvable identifier
Deoxypodophyllotoxin	Unspecified	Solvent extraction	—	—	No resolvable identifier
Lignans, total	Leaves	—	≥ 9.61 Milligram/gram	Unspecified	No resolvable identifier
Lignans, total	Leaves	—	≤ 33.9 Milligram/gram	Unspecified	No resolvable identifier
Peltatin a	Leaves	—	≥ 2.66 Milligram/gram	Unspecified	No resolvable identifier
Peltatin a	Leaves	—	≤ 3.25 Milligram/gram	Unspecified	No resolvable identifier
Picropodophyllin	Roots and other underground parts	Solvent extraction	—	Chromatographic tests	No resolvable identifier
Podophyllotoxin	Leaves	—	≥ 6.12 Milligram/gram	Unspecified	No resolvable identifier
Podophyllotoxin	Leaves	—	≤ 30.58 Milligram/gram	Unspecified	No resolvable identifier

Recorded adverse effects

Adverse effects reported in the source literature, most often in animal or laboratory models at a stated preparation and dose.

Effect	Target tissue	Plant part	Preparation	Test organism	Test type	Source
Neurotoxicity	Neurologic: central nervous system	—	—	—	Case report	Resolve DOI
Neurotoxicity	Neurologic	Roots and other underground parts used as staple food	—	Human (as organism)	Case report	Resolve DOI
None	Digestive	Unspecified	—	Human (as organism)	Case report	Resolve DOI
Hepatotoxicity	Liver	—	—	Rat (as animal)	Short-term toxicity	No resolvable identifier

Cited sources

The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.

Cushman, Kent E., Moraes, Rita M., Gerard, Patrick D., Bedir, Ebru., Silva, Bladimiro., Khan, Ikhlas A. Frequency and timing of leaf removal affect growth and podophyllotoxin content of Podophyllum peltatum in full sun . Planta medica, 2006, vol. 72, no. 9, p. 824-829. DOI
Chu, CC., Huang, CC., Chu, NS. Sensory neuropathy due to Bajiaolian (podophyllotoxin) intoxication. European neurology, 2000, vol. 44, no. 2, p. 121-123. DOI
Chang, L W., Yang, C M., Chen, C F., Deng, J F. Experimental podophyllotoxin (bajiaolian) poisoning: II. Effects on the liver, intestine, kidney, pancreas and testis. . Biomedical and environmental sciences : bes, 1992, vol. 5, no. 4, p. 293-302.
Canel, C., Dayan, FE., Ganzera, M., Khan, IA., Rimando, A., Burandt, CL., Moraes, RM. High yield of podophyllotoxin from leaves of Podophyllum peltatum by in situ conversion of podophyllotoxin 4 O-beta-D-glucopyranoside . Planta medica, 2001, vol. 67, no. 1, p. 97-99. DOI
Lim, CK. Analysis of aryltetrahydronaphthalene lignans and their glucoside conjugates in podophyllin resin by high-performance liquid chromatography . Journal of chromatography a, 1996, vol. 722, no. 1-2, p. 267-271. DOI
Kumar, Manish., Shanmugham, Arumugasamy., Prabha, Sivaprakasam., Adhisivam, Bethou., Narayanan, Parameswaran., Biswal, Niranjan. Permanent Neurological Sequelae Following Accidental Podophyllin Ingestion . Journal of child neurology, 2012, vol. 27, no. 2, p. 209-210. DOI
Frasca, T., Brett, AS., Yoo, SD. Mandrake toxicity - A case of mistaken identity. Archives of internal medicine, 1997, vol. 157, no. 17, p. 2007-2009. DOI
Cushman, KE., Maqbool, M., Lata, H., Bedir, E., Khan, KA., Moraes, RM. Podophyllotoxin content and yield of American mayapple leaves in sun and shade . Hortscience, 2005, vol. 40, no. 1, p. 60-63.
Santavy, Frantisek. Isolation of deoxypodophyllotoxin from resina podophylli from Podophyllum peltatum. Chemicke listy pro vedu a prumysl, 1957, vol. 51, p. 2148-9.
Press, J., Brun, R. The structure of podophyllotoxin and the peltatins. Helvetica chimica acta, 1954, vol. 37, p. 1543-4.

Boundary

A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.

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Independent literature