Botanical species · safety record

Prunus armeniaca

The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 17 constituent measurements, 1 adverse-effect record and 1 genotoxicity assay for Prunus armeniaca. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.

Accepted name in source: Prunus armeniaca L.

17Constituent measurements

2Safety records

9Cited sources

596Licensed products (Canada)

Also recorded as

Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.

Synonyms are carried from the source compendium. A species may be traded and studied under more than one name, which is exactly how a safety record gets lost.

Regulatory presence

Health Canada's Licensed Natural Health Products Database holds 596 licensed products naming Prunus armeniaca as a medicinal ingredient, matched on the exact Latin binomial. A licence records that a product met the regulator's requirements for sale in Canada. It is not evidence that the product works.

Extract types on licence

Dry
Extract Type TBA
Fresh

Source material stated

Dried ripe seeds
Fruit
Fruit concentrate
Fruit extract
Fruits
Husk
Kernel
New material

What the records describe

Constituents measured

Plant parts

Preparations

Effect types

Target tissues

Recorded constituents

What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.

Substance	Plant part	Preparation	Concentration	Analytical method	Source
Alkaloids	Seed	—	0.61 Milligram/100 gram	Unspecified	Resolve DOI
Cyanide	Seed	Essential oil	1.67 Milligram/kilogram	Element spectroscopy	Resolve DOI
Cyanogenic glycosides	Seed	—	≤ 6.35 Gram/100 gram	Unspecified	Resolve DOI
Cyanogenic glycosides	Seed	—	≥ 4.41 Gram/100 gram	Unspecified	Resolve DOI
Hydrocyanic acid	Seed	—	136.85 Milligram/100 gram	Unspecified	Resolve DOI
Saponins	Seed	—	2.14 Gram/100 gram	Unspecified	Resolve DOI
Tannins	Seed	—	159.67 Milligram/100 gram	Unspecified	Resolve DOI
Acetaldehyde	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	1.57 Milligram/kilogram	Gaschromatography (GC)	No resolvable identifier
Cyanide	Seed	Solvent extraction	≤ 2259.81 Microgram/gram	Chromatographic tests	No resolvable identifier
Cyanide	Seed	Solvent extraction	≥ 6.42 Microgram/gram	Chromatographic tests	No resolvable identifier
Daidzein	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	50 Microgram/gram	GC-MS	No resolvable identifier
Lariciresinol	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	105 Microgram/100 gram	LC-MS	No resolvable identifier
Lignans	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	31 Microgram/100 gram	LC-MS	No resolvable identifier
Lignans, total	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	450 Microgram/100 gram	LC-MS	No resolvable identifier
Nitrates	Fruit unspecified	—	0.00648 Milligram/gram	Unspecified	No resolvable identifier
Nitrites	Fruit unspecified	—	0.1609 Nanogram/gram	Unspecified	No resolvable identifier
Pinoresinol	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	314 Microgram/100 gram	LC-MS	No resolvable identifier

Recorded adverse effects

Adverse effects reported in the source literature, most often in animal or laboratory models at a stated preparation and dose.

Effect	Target tissue	Plant part	Preparation	Test organism	Test type	Source
Pulmonary and cardiac	Cardiovascular / haematological	Seed	—	Human (as organism)	Case report	Resolve DOI

Genotoxicity testing

Outcomes of genotoxicity assays as recorded in the source. A negative assay is a result under those test conditions, not a clearance.

Outcome	Endpoint	Test	Tested organism	Metabolic activation	Source
Positive	chromosome aberration	single cell gel/comet assay in mammalian cells for detection of DNA damage	Other	—	No resolvable identifier

Cited sources

The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.

Tanwar, Beenu., Modgil, Rajni., Goyal, Ankit. Antinutritional factors and hypocholesterolemic effect of wild apricot kernel (Prunus armeniaca L.) as affected by detoxification. Food & function, 2018, vol. 9, no. 4, p. 2121-2135. DOI
Griesenbeck, John S., Steck, Michelle D., Huber, John C., Jr., Sharkey, Joseph R., Rene, Antonio A., Brender, Jean D. Development of estimates of dietary nitrates, nitrites, and nitrosamines for use with the short willet food frequency questionnaire. Nutrition journal, 2009, vol. 8, p. No pp. given.
Milder, Ivon E. J., Arts, Ilja C. W., van de Putte, Betty., Venema, Dini P., Hollman, Peter C. H. Lignan contents of Dutch plant foods: A database including lariciresinol, pinoresinol, secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol. British journal of nutrition, 2005, vol. 93, no. 3, p. 393-402.
Liggins, J., Bluck, L. J. C., Runswick, S., Atkinson, C., Coward, W. A., Bingham, S. A. Daidzein and genistein content of fruits and nuts. Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 2000, vol. 11, no. 6, p. 326-331.
Karatepe, Rukiye., Akal, Zeynep Ulker., Alpsoy, Lokman. GENOTOXIC AND CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF PRUNUS ARMENIACA SEED EXTRACT IN VITRO. Fresenius environmental bulletin, 2015, vol. 24, no. 8, p. 2549-2555.
Konstantatos, Alex., Shiv Kumar, Malini., Burrell, Aidan., Smith, Joel. An unusual presentation of chronic cyanide toxicity from self-prescribed apricot kernel extract.. Bmj case reports, 2017, vol. 2017. DOI
Miao, Xingjun., Zhao, Zhong., Li, Hongjiao., Li, Ming., Zhu, Hailan. Acute toxicity of refined wild apricot oil in rats. Scienceasia, 2014, vol. 40, no. 5, p. 323-326. DOI
Cho, Hye-Jeon., Do, Byung-Kyung., Shim, Soon-Mi., Kwon, Hoonjeong., Lee, Dong-Ha., Nah, Ahn-Hee., Choi, Youn-Ju., Lee, Sook-Yeon. Determination of cyanogenic compunds in edible plants by ion chromatography. Toxicological research (seoul, republic of korea), 2013, vol. 29, no. 2, p. 143-147.
Uebelacker, Michael., Lachenmeier, Dirk W. Quantitative determination of acetaldehyde in foods using automated digestion with simulated gastric fluid followed by headspace gas chromatography. Journal of analytical methods in chemistry, 2011, vol. 907317, p. 13 pp.

Boundary

A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.

Continue

Independent literature