Botanical species · safety record

Prunus dulcis

The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 19 constituent measurements for Prunus dulcis. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.

Accepted name in source: Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb

19Constituent measurements

0Safety records

7Cited sources

135Licensed products (Canada)

Also recorded as

Amygdalus communis L.
Prunus dulcis var. amara

Synonyms are carried from the source compendium. A species may be traded and studied under more than one name, which is exactly how a safety record gets lost.

Regulatory presence

Health Canada's Licensed Natural Health Products Database holds 135 licensed products naming Prunus dulcis as a medicinal ingredient, matched on the exact Latin binomial. A licence records that a product met the regulator's requirements for sale in Canada. It is not evidence that the product works.

Source material stated

Buds
Fruit
Grain
Graine
Kernel
Kernel of ripe seed
New material
Pit

What the records describe

Constituents measured

Plant parts

Preparations

Recorded constituents

What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.

Substance	Plant part	Preparation	Concentration	Analytical method	Source
Amygdalin	Seed	Solvent extraction	≤ 23025 Milligram/kilogram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Cyanide	Seed	—	≤ 207 Milligram/100 gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Cyanide	Seed	—	≥ 0.01 Milligram/100 gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Cyanide	Roots and other underground parts	—	≤ 361 Milligram/100 gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Cyanide	Roots and other underground parts	—	≥ 48 Milligram/100 gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Cyanide	Leaves	—	≤ 54 Milligram/100 gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Cyanide	Leaves	—	≥ 8 Milligram/100 gram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Hydrocyanic acid	Seed	Solvent extraction	≤ 12.4 Milligram/kilogram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Hydrocyanic acid	Seed	Solvent extraction	≥ 4.8 Milligram/kilogram	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	Resolve DOI
Amygdalin	Seed	Powder	≥ 0.03 Milligram/gram	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)	No resolvable identifier
Amygdalin	Seed	Powder	≤ 0.05 Milligram/gram	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)	No resolvable identifier
Amygdalin	Seed	Solvent extraction	—	LC-MS	No resolvable identifier
Amygdalin	Seed	Solvent extraction	≤ 4.22 Milligram/gram	UV/VIS spectroscopy (photometry)	No resolvable identifier
Amygdalin	Seed	Solvent extraction	≥ 1.78 Milligram/gram	UV/VIS spectroscopy (photometry)	No resolvable identifier
Amygdalin	Seed	Solvent extraction	≤ 73 Milligram/gram	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)	No resolvable identifier
Amygdalin	Seed	Solvent extraction	≥ 0.049 Milligram/gram	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)	No resolvable identifier
Hydrocyanic acid	Seed	Solvent extraction	≥ 16.2 Milligram/kilogram	Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry	No resolvable identifier
Hydrocyanic acid	Seed	Solvent extraction	≤ 1193.4 Milligram/kilogram	Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry	No resolvable identifier
Prunasin	Live plants	Solvent extraction	—	LC-MS	No resolvable identifier

Cited sources

The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.

Bolarinwa, Islamiyat F., Orfila, Caroline., Morgan, Michael R. A. Development and application of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the quantification of amygdalin, a cyanogenic glycoside, in food. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2014, vol. 62, no. 27, p. 6299-6305.
Chaouali, Nadia., Gana, Ines., Dorra, Amira., Khelifi, Fathia., Nouioui, Anouer., Masri, Wafa., Belwaer, Ines., Ghorbel, Hayet., Hedhili, Abderazzek. Potential toxic levels of cyanide in almonds (Prunus amygdalus), apricot kernels (Prunus armeniaca), and almond syrup. Isrn toxicology, 2013, vol. 610648/1-610648/7, p. 7 pp.
Berenguer-Navarro, V., Giner-Galvan, RM., Grane-Teruel, N., Arrazola-Paternina, G. Chromatographic determination of cyanoglycosides prunasin and amygdalin in plant extracts using a porous graphitic carbon column. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2002, vol. 50, no. 24, p. 6960-6963. DOI
Sanchez-Perez, R., Moller, B. Lindberg., Olsen, C. E., Dicenta, F., Espiau, MT., Alonso, JM. Cyanogenic Glucoside Patterns in Sweet and Bitter Almonds. Xii eucarpia symposium on fruit breeding and genetics, 2009, vol. 814, p. 481-485.
Ferrara, G., Maggio, P., Pizzigallo, M. D. R. Cyanogenic D-amygdalin contents of the kernels of cultivated almonds and wild Amygdalus webbii Spach. Journal of horticultural science & biotechnology, 2010, vol. 85, no. 5, p. 410-414. DOI
Bolarinwa, Islamiyat Folashade., Olaniyan, Sulaiman Adebisi., Olatunde, Sogo James., Ayandokun, Feyisayo Temilade., Olaifa, Ifasegun Alade. Effect of processing on amygdalin and cyanide contents of some Nigerian foods. Journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research, 2016, vol. 8, no. 2, p. 106-113.
Cressey, P., Saunders, D., Goodman, J. Cyanogenic glycosides in plant-based foods available in New Zealand. Food additives and contaminants - part a chemistry, analysis, control, exposure and risk assessment, 2013, vol. 30, no. 11, p. 1946-1953. DOI

Boundary

A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.

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