Botanical species · safety record

Rubia tinctorum

The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 3 constituent measurements, 7 adverse-effect records and 3 genotoxicity assays for Rubia tinctorum. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.

Accepted name in source: Rubia tinctorum L.

3Constituent measurements

10Safety records

7Cited sources

28Licensed products (Canada)

Regulatory presence

Health Canada's Licensed Natural Health Products Database holds 28 licensed products naming Rubia tinctorum as a medicinal ingredient, matched on the exact Latin binomial. A licence records that a product met the regulator's requirements for sale in Canada. It is not evidence that the product works.

Source material stated

Root

What the records describe

Constituents measured

Plant parts

Preparations

Effect types

Target tissues

Recorded constituents

What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.

Substance	Plant part	Preparation	Concentration	Analytical method	Source
Anthraquinones	Roots and other underground parts	Solvent extraction	—	—	Resolve DOI
Anthraquinones	Roots and other underground parts	—	—	HPLC-UV	Resolve DOI
Lucidin	Roots and other underground parts	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI

Recorded adverse effects

Adverse effects reported in the source literature, most often in animal or laboratory models at a stated preparation and dose.

Effect	Target tissue	Plant part	Preparation	Test organism	Test type	Source
Hepatotoxicity	Cardiovascular / haematological	Roots and other underground parts	Drying (dehydration)	Rat (as animal)	Chronic/long term toxicity	Resolve DOI
Hepatotoxicity	Cardiovascular / haematological	Roots and other underground parts	Drying (dehydration)	Rat (as animal)	Chronic/long term toxicity	Resolve DOI
Hepatotoxicity	Urogenital: kidneys	Roots and other underground parts	Drying (dehydration)	Rat (as animal)	Chronic/long term toxicity	Resolve DOI
Hepatotoxicity	Urogenital: kidneys	Roots and other underground parts	Drying (dehydration)	Rat (as animal)	Chronic/long term toxicity	Resolve DOI
Hepatotoxicity	Urogenital: kidneys	Roots and other underground parts	Drying (dehydration)	Rat (as animal)	Chronic/long term toxicity	Resolve DOI
Nephrotoxicity	Urogenital: kidneys	Roots and other underground parts	—	Rat (as animal)	Short-term toxicity	Resolve DOI
Nephrotoxicity	Liver	Roots and other underground parts	—	Rat (as animal)	Subchronic	Resolve DOI

Genotoxicity testing

Outcomes of genotoxicity assays as recorded in the source. A negative assay is a result under those test conditions, not a clearance.

Outcome	Endpoint	Test	Tested organism	Metabolic activation	Source
Positive	gene mutation	bacterial gene mutation assay	Salmonella typhimurium (as organism)	No data	Resolve DOI
Positive	gene mutation	bacterial gene mutation assay	Bacteria (as organism)	With and without	Resolve DOI
Positive	DNA damage and/or repair	other	Rat (as animal)	Without	Resolve DOI

Cited sources

The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.

Jaeger, Ismene., Hafner, Christoph., Welsch, Claudia., Schneider, Klaus., Iznaguen, Hassan., Westendorf, Johannes. The mutagenic potential of madder root in dyeing processes in the textile industry . Mutation research-genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis, 2006, vol. 605, no. 1-2, p. 22-29. DOI
WESTENDORF, J., POGINSKY, B., MARQUARDT, H., GROTH, G., MARQUARDT, H. THE GENOTOXICITY OF LUCIDIN, A NATURAL COMPONENT OF RUBIA-TINCTORUM L, AND LUCIDINETHYLETHER, A COMPONENT OF ETHANOLIC RUBIA EXTRACTS . Cell biology and toxicology, 1988, vol. 4, no. 2, p. 225-239. DOI
Westendorf, J., Pfau, W., Schulte, A. Carcinogenicity and DNA adduct formation observed in ACI rats after long-term treatment with madder root, Rubia tinctorum L . Carcinogenesis, 1998, vol. 19, no. 12, p. 2163-2168. DOI
Inoue, Kaoru., Yoshida, Midori., Takahashi, Miwa., Fujimoto, Hitoshi., Ohnishi, Kuniyoshi., Nakashima, Koichi., Shibutani, Makoto., Hirose, Masao., Nishikawa, Akiyoshi. Possible contribution of rubiadin, a metabolite of madder color, to renal carcinogenesis in rats . Food and chemical toxicology, 2009, vol. 47, no. 4, p. 752-759. DOI
Inoue, Kaoru., Shibutani, Makoto., Masutomi, Naoya., Toyoda, Kazuhiro., Takagi, Hironori., Takahashi, Miwa., Fujimoto, Hitoshi., Hirose, Masao., Nishikawa, Akiyoshi. One-year chronic toxicity of madder color in F344 rats - Induction of preneoplastic/neoplastic lesions in the kidney and liver . Food and chemical toxicology, 2008, vol. 46, no. 10, p. 3303-3310. DOI
Inoue, Kaoru., Shibutani, Makoto., Masutomi, Naoya., Toyoda, Kazuhiro., Takagi, Hironori., Uneyama, Chikako., Nishikawa, Akiyoshi., Hirose, Masao. A 13-week subchronic toxicity study of madder color in F344 rats. Food and chemical toxicology, 2008, vol. 46, no. 1, p. 241-252. DOI
Ishii, Yuji., Inoue, Kaoru., Takasu, Shinji., Jin, Meilan., Matsushita, Kohei., Kuroda, Ken., Fukuhara, Kiyoshi., Nishikawa, Akiyoshi., Umemura, Takashi. Determination of Lucidin-Specific DNA Adducts by Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry in the Livers and Kidneys of Rats Given Lucidin-3-O-primeveroside . Chemical research in toxicology, 2012, vol. 25, no. 5, p. 1112-1118. DOI

Boundary

A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.

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