Botanical species · safety record

Symphytum x

The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 6 constituent measurements for Symphytum x. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.

Accepted name in source: Symphytum x uplandicum Nyman

6Constituent measurements

0Safety records

5Cited sources

0Licensed products (Canada)

Regulatory presence

No Health Canada licensed natural health product in the snapshot names this species as a medicinal ingredient under this exact binomial. Absence here means absence from this one register under this one name, not absence from trade, and not a safety verdict.

What the records describe

Constituents measured

Plant parts

Preparations

Recorded constituents

What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.

Substance	Plant part	Preparation	Concentration	Analytical method	Source
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids	Roots and other underground parts	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Alkaloids	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	GC-MS	No resolvable identifier
Echimidine	Unspecified	Solvent extraction	—	High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC)	No resolvable identifier
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids	Leaves	Solvent extraction	≥ 0.003 Percent	Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry	No resolvable identifier
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids	Leaves	Solvent extraction	≤ 0.115 Percent	Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry	No resolvable identifier
Symviridine	Roots and other underground parts	Solvent extraction	—	Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry	No resolvable identifier

Cited sources

The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.

Culvenor, C. C. J., Clarke, M., Edgar, J. A., Frahn, J. L., Jago, M. V., Peterson, J. E., Smith, L. W. Structure and toxicity of the alkaloids of Russian comfrey (Symphytum � uplandicum Nyman), a medicinal herb and item of human diet. Experientia, 1980, p. 377-379.
Cook, Kathleen K., White, Kevin D., Rader, Jeanne I. Use of pyrrolizidine alkaloid profiles to distinguish Symphytum officinale (common comfrey) from S. x uplandicum (Russian Comfrey) in comfrey products sold in the United States . Faseb journal, 2004, vol. 18, no. 4-5, p. Abst. 115.6-Abst. 115.6.
Mattocks, A. R. Toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in comfrey. Lancet, 1980, p. 1136-1137.
Roeder, E., Bourauel, T., Neuberger, V. Symviridine, a new pyrrolizidine alkaloid from Symphytum species. Phytochemistry, 1992, p. 4041-4042.
Pawar, Rahul S., Grundel, Erich., Mazzola, Eugene., White, Kevin D., Krynitsky, Alexander J., Rader, Jeanne I. Chiral stationary phases for separation of intermedine and lycopsamine enantiomers from Symphytum uplandicum. JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, 2010, vol. 33, no. 2, p. 200-205. DOI

Boundary

A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.

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Independent literature