Botanical species · safety record

Syzygium aromaticum

The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 3 constituent measurements, 2 adverse-effect records and 2 genotoxicity assays for Syzygium aromaticum. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.

Accepted name in source: Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry

3Constituent measurements

4Safety records

5Cited sources

552Licensed products (Canada)

Also recorded as

Caryophyllus aromaticus L.
Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb.

Synonyms are carried from the source compendium. A species may be traded and studied under more than one name, which is exactly how a safety record gets lost.

Regulatory presence

Health Canada's Licensed Natural Health Products Database holds 552 licensed products naming Syzygium aromaticum as a medicinal ingredient, matched on the exact Latin binomial. A licence records that a product met the regulator's requirements for sale in Canada. It is not evidence that the product works.

Extract types on licence

Dry
Fresh
fluid

Source material stated

Bud Extract
Buds
Clove
Clove bud
Clove essential oil
Clove oil
Dried flower buds
Essential oil from leaf

What the records describe

Constituents measured

Plant parts

Preparations

Effect types

Target tissues

Recorded constituents

What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.

Substance	Plant part	Preparation	Concentration	Analytical method	Source
Biflorin	Bud	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Eugenol	Bud	Essential oil	—	Unspecified	Resolve DOI
Eugenol	Flower	Essential oil	—	GC-MS	No resolvable identifier

Recorded adverse effects

Adverse effects reported in the source literature, most often in animal or laboratory models at a stated preparation and dose.

Effect	Target tissue	Plant part	Preparation	Test organism	Test type	Source
Hepatotoxicity	Liver	Unspecified	Essential oil (as part-nature)	Human (as organism)	Case report	Resolve DOI
Hepatotoxicity	Liver	Unspecified	Essential oil (as part-nature)	Human (as organism)	Case report	Resolve DOI

Genotoxicity testing

Outcomes of genotoxicity assays as recorded in the source. A negative assay is a result under those test conditions, not a clearance.

Outcome	Endpoint	Test	Tested organism	Metabolic activation	Source
Positive	gene mutation	bacterial forward mutation assay	Escherichia coli (as organism)	No data	Resolve DOI
Positive	gene mutation	bacterial gene mutation assay	Salmonella typhimurium (as organism)	With and without	No resolvable identifier

Cited sources

The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.

Vijayasteltar, Liju., Nair, Gopakumar Gopinathan., Maliakel, Balu., Kuttan, Ramadasan., Krishnakumar, I. M. Safety assessment of a standardized polyphenolic extract of clove buds: Subchronic toxicity and mutagenicity studies . Toxicology reports, 2016, vol. 3, p. 439-449. DOI
Shoeibi, Sh., Rahimifard, N., Pirouz, B., Yalfani, R., Pakzad, S.R., Mirab Samiee, S., Pirali Hamedani, M. Mutagenicity of four natural flavors: Clove, cinnamon, thyme and Zataria multiflora Boiss.. Journal of medicinal plants, 2009, vol. 8, no. SUPPL. 5, p. 89-96.
dos Santos, Patricia Estevam., Monte Egito, Lucila Carmem., Batistuzzo de Medeiros, Silvia Regina., Agnez-Lima, Lucymara Fassarella. Genotoxicity induced by Eugenia caryophyllata infusion. Journal of toxicology and environmental health-part a-current issues, 2008, vol. 71, no. 7, p. 439-444. DOI
Janes, SEJ., Price, CSG., Thomas, D. Essential oil poisoning: N-acetylcysteine for eugenol-induced hepatic failure and analysis of a national database . European journal of pediatrics, 2005, vol. 164, no. 8, p. 520-522. DOI
Lee, Hwi-Ho., Shin, Ji-Sun., Lee, Woo-Seok., Ryu, Byeol., Jang, Dae Sik., Lee, Kyung-Tae. Biflorin, Isolated from the Flower Buds of Syzygium aromaticum L., Suppresses LPS-Induced Inflammatory Mediators via STAT1 Inactivation in Macrophages and Protects Mice from Endotoxin Shock . Journal of natural products, 2016, vol. 79, no. 4, p. 711-720. DOI

Boundary

A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.

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Independent literature