Botanical species · safety record
Viola odorata
The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 14 constituent measurements and 2 adverse-effect records for Viola odorata. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.
Accepted name in source: Viola odorata L.
Regulatory presence
Health Canada's Licensed Natural Health Products Database holds 49 licensed products naming Viola odorata as a medicinal ingredient, matched on the exact Latin binomial. A licence records that a product met the regulator's requirements for sale in Canada. It is not evidence that the product works.
Extract types on licence
Source material stated
What the records describe
Constituents measured
- Alkaloids3
- Methyl salicylate3
- Coumarin2
- Epoxides2
- Isoquinoline2
- Saponins2
Plant parts
- Leaves5
- Roots and other underground parts5
- Aerial part of plants3
- Flower1
- Seed1
- Unspecified1
Preparations
- Solvent extraction14
- Raw, no heat treatment2
Effect types
- Neurotoxicity2
Target tissues
- Neurologic: central nervous system2
Recorded constituents
What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.
| Substance | Plant part | Preparation | Concentration | Analytical method | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alkaloids | Roots and other underground parts | Solvent extraction | — | — | No resolvable identifier |
| Alkaloids | Unspecified | Solvent extraction | — | Unspecified | No resolvable identifier |
| Alkaloids | Aerial part of plants | Solvent extraction | — | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | No resolvable identifier |
| Coumarin | Leaves | Solvent extraction | ≥ 1.026 Milligram/gram | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | No resolvable identifier |
| Coumarin | Leaves | Solvent extraction | ≤ 1.391 Milligram/gram | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | No resolvable identifier |
| Epoxides | Leaves | Solvent extraction | ≥ 0.294 Milligram/gram | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | No resolvable identifier |
| Epoxides | Leaves | Solvent extraction | ≤ 1.708 Milligram/gram | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | No resolvable identifier |
| Isoquinoline | Aerial part of plants | Solvent extraction | ≤ 2.81 Milligram/gram | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | No resolvable identifier |
| Isoquinoline | Aerial part of plants | Solvent extraction | ≥ 1.56 Milligram/gram | High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)/Liquid Chromatography (LC) | No resolvable identifier |
| Methyl salicylate | Roots and other underground parts | Solvent extraction | — | — | No resolvable identifier |
| Methyl salicylate | Leaves | Solvent extraction | — | — | No resolvable identifier |
| Methyl salicylate | Flower | Solvent extraction | — | — | No resolvable identifier |
| Saponins | Roots and other underground parts | Solvent extraction | — | — | No resolvable identifier |
| Saponins | Roots and other underground parts | Solvent extraction | — | Colorimetry, Spectroscopy (Spectrometry) and Photometry | No resolvable identifier |
Recorded adverse effects
Adverse effects reported in the source literature, most often in animal or laboratory models at a stated preparation and dose.
| Effect | Target tissue | Plant part | Preparation | Test organism | Test type | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neurotoxicity | Neurologic: central nervous system | Roots and other underground parts | Raw, no heat treatment | Cattle (as animal) | Case report | Resolve DOI |
| Neurotoxicity | Neurologic: central nervous system | Seed | Raw, no heat treatment | Cattle (as animal) | Case report | Resolve DOI |
Cited sources
The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.
- Kroeber, Ludwig. Viola odorata L., the fragrant violet considered from both the old and new points of view. Pharmazie, 1946, p. 85-90.
- Al-Qura'n, S. Ethnobotanical survey of folk toxic plants in southern part of Jordan. Toxicon, 2005, vol. 46, no. 2, p. 119-129. DOI
- Chodera, A., Frencel, I., Szpunar, K. Pharmacology of triacetonamine. Pharmazeutische zentralhalle fuer deutschland, 1964, p. 17-23.
- Kolos-Pethes, E. Photometric determination of the saponin of Viola odorata roots. Gyogyszereszet, 1960, p. 339-341.
- Rasool, Abdulsalam Abdulrahman., Muhammad, Kadhm Abdullah. Estimation of some plant secondary products in Urtica dioica L., Viola odorata L. and Melissa officinalis L. naturally grown in Hawraman-Kurdistan region of Iraq. Journal of agricultural science and technology b, 2013, p. 480-486.
Boundary
A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.
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