Botanical species · safety record

Xanthium strumarium

The EFSA Compendium of Botanicals holds 5 constituent measurements, 27 adverse-effect records and 3 genotoxicity assays for Xanthium strumarium. This page reports what those source records contain and how to reach them. It carries no effect estimate, no dose and no recommendation.

Accepted name in source: Xanthium strumarium L.

5Constituent measurements

30Safety records

12Cited sources

0Licensed products (Canada)

Regulatory presence

No Health Canada licensed natural health product in the snapshot names this species as a medicinal ingredient under this exact binomial. Absence here means absence from this one register under this one name, not absence from trade, and not a safety verdict.

What the records describe

Constituents measured

Plant parts

Preparations

Effect types

Target tissues

Recorded constituents

What analytical work has found in this species, at which plant part and preparation. A measured constituent is a fact about material, not about effect.

Substance	Plant part	Preparation	Concentration	Analytical method	Source
3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Sesquiterpene lactones	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Sesquiterpene lactones	Leaves	Solvent extraction	—	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	Resolve DOI
Atractyloside	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	—	GC-MS	No resolvable identifier
Cyanogenic glycosides	Seed	—	—	—	No resolvable identifier

Recorded adverse effects

Adverse effects reported in the source literature, most often in animal or laboratory models at a stated preparation and dose.

Effect	Target tissue	Plant part	Preparation	Test organism	Test type	Source
Digestive	Digestive	Seed	—	Human (as organism)	Case report	Resolve DOI
Hepatotoxicity	Liver	Sprout	—	Cattle (as animal)	Case report	Resolve DOI
Hepatotoxicity	Liver	Seed	—	Cattle (as animal)	Case report	Resolve DOI
Hepatotoxicity	Liver	Seed	—	Human (as organism)	Case report	Resolve DOI
Nephrotoxicity	Urogenital: kidneys	Seed	—	Human (as organism)	Case report	Resolve DOI
Neurotoxicity	Neurologic	Seed	—	Cattle (as animal)	Case report	Resolve DOI
Neurotoxicity	Neurologic	Seed	—	Human (as organism)	Case report	Resolve DOI
Neurotoxicity	Neurologic	Sprout	—	Cattle (as animal)	Case report	Resolve DOI
Other toxicities	Digestive	Fruit unspecified	Solvent extraction	—	In vitro	Resolve DOI
Hepatotoxicity	Liver	Live plants	Solvent extraction	Human (as organism)	Case report	No resolvable identifier
Hepatotoxicity	Liver	Sprout	—	Pig (as animal)	Other	No resolvable identifier
Hepatotoxicity	Liver	Sprout	—	Pig (as animal)	Other	No resolvable identifier
Hepatotoxicity	Liver	Sprout	—	Pig (as animal)	Short-term toxicity	No resolvable identifier
Hepatotoxicity	Liver	Seed	—	Pig (as animal)	Subchronic	No resolvable identifier
Hepatotoxicity	Liver	Seed	—	Pig (as animal)	Subchronic	No resolvable identifier
Hepatotoxicity	Liver	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	Rat (as animal)	Short-term toxicity	No resolvable identifier
Hepatotoxicity	Liver	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	Rat (as animal)	Short-term toxicity	No resolvable identifier
Hepatotoxicity	Liver	Live plants	Solvent extraction	Human (as organism)	Case report	No resolvable identifier
Nephrotoxicity	Urogenital: kidneys	Sprout	—	Pig (as animal)	Short-term toxicity	No resolvable identifier
Nephrotoxicity	Urogenital: kidneys	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	Rat (as animal)	Short-term toxicity	No resolvable identifier
Nephrotoxicity	Urogenital: kidneys	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	Rat (as animal)	Short-term toxicity	No resolvable identifier
Neurotoxicity	Neurologic	Sprout	—	Pig (as animal)	Short-term toxicity	No resolvable identifier
Neurotoxicity	Neurologic	Live plants	Solvent extraction	Human (as organism)	Case report	No resolvable identifier
Neurotoxicity	Neurologic	Live plants	Solvent extraction	Human (as organism)	Case report	No resolvable identifier
None	Digestive	Seed	Solvent extraction	Human (as organism)	In vitro	No resolvable identifier
Other toxicities	Neurologic	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	Rat (as animal)	Short-term toxicity	No resolvable identifier
Other toxicities	Neurologic	Aerial part of plants	Solvent extraction	Rat (as animal)	Short-term toxicity	No resolvable identifier

Genotoxicity testing

Outcomes of genotoxicity assays as recorded in the source. A negative assay is a result under those test conditions, not a clearance.

Outcome	Endpoint	Test	Tested organism	Metabolic activation	Source
Positive	DNA damage and/or repair	single cell gel/comet assay in mammalian cells for detection of DNA damage	Rat (as animal)	Without	Resolve DOI
Positive	chromosome aberration	sister chromatid exchange assay in mammalian cells	Rat (as animal)	Without	Resolve DOI
Positive	chromosome aberration	chromosome aberration assay	Rat (as animal)	Without	Resolve DOI

Cited sources

The literature the compendium cites for this species. Metatron Health has no relationship with these authors or journals and earns nothing from citing them.

Piloto Ferrer, Janet., Cozzi, Renata., Cornetta, Tommaso., Stano, Pasquale., Fiore, Mario., Degrassi, Francesca., De Salvia, Rosella., Remigio, Antonia., Francisco, Marbelis., Quinones, Olga., Valdivia, Dayana., Gonzalez, Maria L., Perez, Carlos., Sanchez-Lamar, Angel. Xanthium strumarium L. extracts produce DNA damage mediated by cytotoxicity in in vitro assays but does not induce micronucleus in mice. . Biomed research international, 2014, vol. 2014, p. 575197-575197. DOI
STUART, BP., COLE, RJ., GOSSER, HS. COCKLEBUR (XANTHIUM-STRUMARIUM, L VAR STRUMARIUM) INTOXICATION IN SWINE - REVIEW AND REDEFINITION OF THE TOXIC PRINCIPLE . Veterinary pathology, 1981, vol. 18, no. 3, p. 368-383.
Turgut, M., Alhan, CC., Gurgoze, M., Kurt, A., Dogan, Y., Tekatli, M., Akpolat, N., Aygun, D. Carboxyatractyloside poisoning in humans. Annals of tropical paediatrics, 2005, vol. 25, no. 2, p. 125-134. DOI
Saidi, Hossein., Mofidi, Mani. TOXIC EFFECT OF XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM AS AN HERBAL MEDICINE PREPARATION. Excli journal, 2009, vol. 8, p. 115-117.
Botha, Christo J., Lessing, Dries., Roesemann, Magda., van Wilpe, Erna., Williams, June H. Analytical confirmation of Xanthium strumarium poisoning in cattle. Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation, 2014, vol. 26, no. 5, p. 640-645. DOI
Masvingwe, C., Mavenyengwa, M. Toxicological evaluation of the plant Xanthium strumarium in pigs in Zimbabwe . Journal of venomous animals and toxins, 1998, vol. 4, no. 2 CITED APRIL 18, 2000, p. 1-8.
Hwang, Seung Hwan., Wang, Zhiqiang., Yoon, Ha Na., Lim, Soon Sung. Xanthium strumarium as an Inhibitor of alpha-Glucosidase, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1beta, Protein Glycation and ABTS(+) for Diabetic and Its Complication. . Molecules (basel, switzerland), 2016, vol. 21, no. 9. DOI
Islam, Mohammad Rashedul., Uddin, Mohammad Zashim., Rahman, Mohammad Sharifur., Tutul, Ershad., Rahman, Mohammed Zakiur., Hassan, Md Abul., Faiz, M A., Hossain, Moazzem., Hussain, Maleeha., Rashid, Mohammad Abdur. Ethnobotanical, phytochemical and toxicological studies of Xanthium strumarium L. . Bangladesh medical research council bulletin, 2009, vol. 35, no. 3, p. 84-90.
ESASHI, Y., MATSUYAMA, S., ASHINO, H., OGASAWARA, M., HASEGAWA, R. BETA-GLUCOSIDASE ACTIVITIES AND HCN LIBERATION IN UNIMBIBED AND IMBIBED SEEDS, AND THE INDUCTION OF COCKLEBUR SEED-GERMINATION BY CYANOGENIC GLYCOSIDES . Physiologia plantarum, 1991, vol. 83, no. 1, p. 34-40.
McMillan, C., Chavez, P.I., Mabry, T.J. Sesquiterpene lactones of Xanthium strumarium in a texas population and in experimental hybrids. Biochemical systematics and ecology, 1975, vol. 3, no. 3, p. 137-141. DOI
Kim, YS., Kim, JS., Park, SH., Choi, SU., Lee, CO., Kim, SK., Kim, YK., Kim, SH., Ryu, SY. Two cytotoxic sesquiterpene lactones from the leaves of Xanthium strumarium and their in vitro inhibitory activity on farnesyltransferase . Planta medica, 2003, vol. 69, no. 4, p. 375-377. DOI
Chu, Chien-Hua., Chiu, Chi-Ming., Hu, Anren., Wu, Hui-Chung., Ye, Shu-Ping., Ho, Kuo-Chieh., Chen, Liang-Yu. Toxicity attenuation of atractyloside in traditional chinese medicinal herbs after hydrothermal processing . Botanical studies, 2012, vol. 53, no. 4, p. 459-465.

Boundary

A constituent measurement is a fact about material at a stated preparation, not a statement about what that material does in a person. An adverse-effect or genotoxicity record is an observation reported in a source, most often in an animal or laboratory model. Neither is a Metatron Health conclusion about causality, human risk or benefit, and the absence of a record is not proof that a preparation is safe. Nothing here is diagnosis, prescribing or individual medical care.

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